管理工程学报
管理工程學報
관리공정학보
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
2014年
2期
26~38
,共null页
强环境规制 环境投入产出模型 园艺产品 出口竞争力 价格
彊環境規製 環境投入產齣模型 園藝產品 齣口競爭力 價格
강배경규제 배경투입산출모형 완예산품 출구경쟁력 개격
strict environmental regulation; environmental input-output model; horticultural products; export competitiveness; price
中国园艺产品向来是具有国际竞争优势的传统产品,而随着国外环境规制水平的普遍提高,本国的出口量出现了连年下滑,过去一味强调成本竞争力的做法已不再适用。本文以行业污染未支付成本作为环境规制强度的替代变量,以产品价格的增幅来衡量国际竞争力受影响的程度,利用环境投入产出模型测算了强环境规制对中国主要园艺产业国际竞争力的影响。结果发现:2005年以来产品价格涨幅逐年有所提高,茶叶及蔬菜类的增幅最为显著,分别达到8%与7%以上;水果类(落叶水果、亚热带水果、柑桔类)及瓜果类等产品的增幅在5%~7%左右;此外,分地区产品价格增幅的测算对外向型农业规划调整有参考意义。因此,强环境规制对园艺产品的价格水平是有一定影响的,未来为了扩大园艺产品的出口,必须在强环境规制下提升园艺产品的品质竞争力。
中國園藝產品嚮來是具有國際競爭優勢的傳統產品,而隨著國外環境規製水平的普遍提高,本國的齣口量齣現瞭連年下滑,過去一味彊調成本競爭力的做法已不再適用。本文以行業汙染未支付成本作為環境規製彊度的替代變量,以產品價格的增幅來衡量國際競爭力受影響的程度,利用環境投入產齣模型測算瞭彊環境規製對中國主要園藝產業國際競爭力的影響。結果髮現:2005年以來產品價格漲幅逐年有所提高,茶葉及蔬菜類的增幅最為顯著,分彆達到8%與7%以上;水果類(落葉水果、亞熱帶水果、柑桔類)及瓜果類等產品的增幅在5%~7%左右;此外,分地區產品價格增幅的測算對外嚮型農業規劃調整有參攷意義。因此,彊環境規製對園藝產品的價格水平是有一定影響的,未來為瞭擴大園藝產品的齣口,必鬚在彊環境規製下提升園藝產品的品質競爭力。
중국완예산품향래시구유국제경쟁우세적전통산품,이수착국외배경규제수평적보편제고,본국적출구량출현료련년하활,과거일미강조성본경쟁력적주법이불재괄용。본문이행업오염미지부성본작위배경규제강도적체대변량,이산품개격적증폭래형량국제경쟁력수영향적정도,이용배경투입산출모형측산료강배경규제대중국주요완예산업국제경쟁력적영향。결과발현:2005년이래산품개격창폭축년유소제고,다협급소채류적증폭최위현저,분별체도8%여7%이상;수과류(락협수과、아열대수과、감길류)급과과류등산품적증폭재5%~7%좌우;차외,분지구산품개격증폭적측산대외향형농업규화조정유삼고의의。인차,강배경규제대완예산품적개격수평시유일정영향적,미래위료확대완예산품적출구,필수재강배경규제하제승완예산품적품질경쟁력。
Although Chinese horticultural products traditionally have low-cost competitive advantage, Export volume has been declining continuously because of the tightening environmental regulations in foreign markets. These environmental regulations become non-tariff barriers to entering a market and are often used as a means for trade protection. In face of the tightening environmental regulations, companies in China need to continuously improve the quality of their horticuhural products in order to stay competitive in the international marketplace. Based on the environmental input-output model, this paper uses industry pollution unpaid cost as an alternative variable for environmental regulation' s intensity in order to measure the effect of international competitiveness by increasing product price, and estimating the impact of strict environmental regulations on the international competitiveness of China' s major horticultural industries. More specifically, this paper first illustrates the input-output model using pollution control cost. Secondly, this paper uses the "output- value split method" and "elements split method" to calculate the investment in agricultural pollution control and agricultural sewerage charges levy in detail according to each industry in 2010, and compares the differences of consequences in two split methods. Thirdly, based on pollution governance unpaid cost data and value-added data of various horticultural industries, this paper assesses the magnitude of the impact of strict environment regulations on prices of various horticultural products. Finally, this paper analyzes price- change trend by using the data collected from five major horticultural products (deciduous fruit, subtropical fruit, vegetables, citrus, and tea) of 31 regions in the years 2005, 2008 and 2010. The results show that pollution control cost played a long-term stabile and increasingly influence on the price level of horticultural products during 2005 - 2010 annually and those industries with relatively higher materialized factors of production consumption rate would be affected to greater extent. In 2010, the consumption rate of tea and vegetables increased significantly with over 8% and 7% respectively. In addition, the consumption rate of fruits (deciduous fruits, subtropical fruits, and citrus) , watermelon, and melon increased about 5% -7%. Furthermore, this paper evaluated policy orientation between two " split methods". From the two perspectives of unpaid environmental costs and relative price increases, the horticultural industry has relatively higher materialized factors of production consumption rate than other industries. Moreover, regional horticultural product prices have been steadily increasing due to export - oriented agricultural planning and adjustment. Therefore, strict environmental regulations have influence on the price level of Chinese horticultural products. In order to expand the export of horticultural products in the future, China must enhance the qualityompetitiveness of horticultural products according to strict environmental regulations.