管理工程学报
管理工程學報
관리공정학보
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
2014年
2期
196~200
,共null页
逆向拍卖 定价 采购 期望销售弹性
逆嚮拍賣 定價 採購 期望銷售彈性
역향박매 정개 채구 기망소수탄성
reverse auction ; pricing ; procurement ; elasticity of expected sales
研究价格相依随机需求下零售商的逆向拍卖采购与定价联合决策问题.假定零售商首先确定一个采购合同,然后供应商投标,通过逆向拍卖选取一个获胜的供应商,由该供应商确定采购量并传递给零售商,同时零售商做定价决策影响其需求,目标是寻求一个最优的采购与定价策略以最大化零售商的期望利润.对于一般的随机需求函数,引进期望销售弹性这一新的概念并利用其性质证明零售商的期望收益(不包括采购费用)是采购量的凹函数,从而得到其最优的采购与定价策略.特别地,对正态需求分布情形给出了零售商的采购量和利润函数的解析表达式并进行数值分析.
研究價格相依隨機需求下零售商的逆嚮拍賣採購與定價聯閤決策問題.假定零售商首先確定一箇採購閤同,然後供應商投標,通過逆嚮拍賣選取一箇穫勝的供應商,由該供應商確定採購量併傳遞給零售商,同時零售商做定價決策影響其需求,目標是尋求一箇最優的採購與定價策略以最大化零售商的期望利潤.對于一般的隨機需求函數,引進期望銷售彈性這一新的概唸併利用其性質證明零售商的期望收益(不包括採購費用)是採購量的凹函數,從而得到其最優的採購與定價策略.特彆地,對正態需求分佈情形給齣瞭零售商的採購量和利潤函數的解析錶達式併進行數值分析.
연구개격상의수궤수구하령수상적역향박매채구여정개연합결책문제.가정령수상수선학정일개채구합동,연후공응상투표,통과역향박매선취일개획성적공응상,유해공응상학정채구량병전체급령수상,동시령수상주정개결책영향기수구,목표시심구일개최우적채구여정개책략이최대화령수상적기망리윤.대우일반적수궤수구함수,인진기망소수탄성저일신적개념병이용기성질증명령수상적기망수익(불포괄채구비용)시채구량적요함수,종이득도기최우적채구여정개책략.특별지,대정태수구분포정형급출료령수상적채구량화리윤함수적해석표체식병진행수치분석.
When facing demand uncertainty,many firms,such as Wal-Mart,Su-Ning,are using dynamic pricing strategies to manage their inventory.Online reverse auction,as one of dynamic pricing strategies,becomes an important procurement form due to the saving of considerable costs for the firms.A few management science scholars have been suggesting that firms should include the reverse auction into the supply chain management.In this paper,we study the joint decision on reverse auction procurement and pricing for a retailer under the stochastic pricedependent demand.It is assumed that there is one retailer and multiple potential suppliers who hold private information about their own production cost.The reverse auction needs to consider both purchase quantity and price.The retailer first designs a procurement contract that specifies a payment for each possible purchase quantity and invites suppliers to bid for this contract in the reverse auction.The auction can be conducted by quantity auction or supply contract auction.The winning supplier needs to make the right decision for the quantity produced and delivered.The pricing decision is made simultaneously by the retailer when the objective is to maximize the retailer's expected profit by seeking an optimal procurement and pricing marketing strategy.For general stochastic price-dependent demand function,we introduce a new concept——elasticity of expected sales.Under some relatively mild conditions,we show that price elasticity of expected sales increases in price and inventory elasticity of expected sales decreases in the inventory.On the basis of these properties,we further show that the retailer's expected revenue (excluding the procurement cost) is a concave function of the purchased quantity that can be used toobtain the optimal procurement and pricing decision for the retailer.Specially,we can analyze the purchased quantity and expected profit function under normal demand distribution for the retailer.Numerical examples show that the retailer is profitable when more suppliers participate in the auction or the cost value of suppliers is more dispersive.In summary,this paper studies the joint decision on inventory and pricing for a retailer facing the stochastic price-dependent demand under reverse auction procurement.By using the monotonicity conditions on elasticity of expected sales,we obtain the optimal procurement and pricing decision for the retailer.Numerical analyses are made under normal demand distribution.These results not only show the effect of reverse auction procurement mechanism on optimal procurement and pricing decision for the retailer,but also provide an important reference for managers to design the pricing marketing strategy based on auction procurement.