管理工程学报
管理工程學報
관리공정학보
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
2014年
2期
201~210
,共null页
农产品供应链 信息更新 期权合同 供应链协调
農產品供應鏈 信息更新 期權閤同 供應鏈協調
농산품공응련 신식경신 기권합동 공응련협조
agricultural supply chain; information updating; option contract; supply chain coordination
提出了完全竞争市场下的单个供应商与零售商构成的两级农产品供应链模型,其中,供应商仅有一次投产机会且产出随机,零售商面临随机的市场需求.零售商在供应商投产之前下订单,在销售季节来临时零售商更新市场需求信息,并确定最终期权购买量;当供应商无法满足零售商订货,将通过现货市场等渠道补足.研究发现,期权合同能够增大供应链整体利润,并通过仿真分析了各参数对期权合同协调效果的影响,该项研究成果对农产品供应链的协调具有一定指导作用.
提齣瞭完全競爭市場下的單箇供應商與零售商構成的兩級農產品供應鏈模型,其中,供應商僅有一次投產機會且產齣隨機,零售商麵臨隨機的市場需求.零售商在供應商投產之前下訂單,在銷售季節來臨時零售商更新市場需求信息,併確定最終期權購買量;噹供應商無法滿足零售商訂貨,將通過現貨市場等渠道補足.研究髮現,期權閤同能夠增大供應鏈整體利潤,併通過倣真分析瞭各參數對期權閤同協調效果的影響,該項研究成果對農產品供應鏈的協調具有一定指導作用.
제출료완전경쟁시장하적단개공응상여령수상구성적량급농산품공응련모형,기중,공응상부유일차투산궤회차산출수궤,령수상면림수궤적시장수구.령수상재공응상투산지전하정단,재소수계절래림시령수상경신시장수구신식,병학정최종기권구매량;당공응상무법만족령수상정화,장통과현화시장등거도보족.연구발현,기권합동능구증대공응련정체리윤,병통과방진분석료각삼수대기권합동협조효과적영향,해항연구성과대농산품공응련적협조구유일정지도작용.
Agricultural products are the necessity of our life,and support national economy and people's livelihood.Because of its long harvest time,the replenishment quantity is difficult to change in a short time.Influenced by natural disaster,price fluctuation,and other factors,the demand for agricultural products has high randomness.The supply and demand randomness are main characteristics of agricultural products.Because supply and demand are difficult to be predicted accurately,it is impossible to match supply and demand at the selling season.Supply chain members have to sell or purchase agricultural products in the spot market.However,prices and conditions in the spot market are not stable.Making decisions in the agricultural supply chain is different from those in the general supply chain because of these characteristics.Option contract is an effective risk-sharing mechanism.This paper investigates the possibility of improving the performance of agricultural supply chains by using option contract.Few studies combine agricultural supply chain with risk management.The current literature also neglects the effect of random supply and demand and spot market on the performance of agricultural supply chain.In this paper,a model of agricultural supply chain with a single supplier and a single retailer in a perfect-competitive market is proposed,in which the supplier only has one opportunity to produce one batch due to a long lead time.The supplier ‘ s yield and the retailer's market demand are both random.Before the supplier starts the production,the retailer places an initial order and purchases an option.At the selling season,the supplier procures stock-outs from the spot market if the final output cannot satisfy the retailer's order.In the first part,a decentralized supply chain without option contract is discussed.In this case,the retailer only has one opportunity to make order before the supplier starts production.After formulating both the retailer‘s and the supplier's profit functions,the retailer ‘s optimal order quantity and the supplier's optimal production volumes are obtained.In the second part,option contract is introduced.Before the supplier starts production,the retailer purchases options to obtain the flexibility of adjusting order quantity at the beginning of the selling season after updating demand information.During the selling season,the retailer finalizes the order quantity by exercising options and using updated demand information.Firstly,the number of options to be exercised by the retailer is determined during the selling season.The retailer ‘ s optimal initial order quantity and the number of options purchased before the supplier's production are determined.The supplier's optimal production volumes can be calculated numerically.We found that the retailer's optimal order quantity in the latter case is lower than that in the former case.With option contract,the retailer prefers to purchase more options.It's found that the total quantity of optimal initial order quantity and the number of options purchased are higher than the optimal order quantity without option contract.The retailer has the flexibility of adjusting the final order quantity in order to reduce the shortage risk.In the third part,the centralized supply chain is discussed to evaluate to what extent the performance has been increased when introducing option contract into the agricultural supply chain.The integrated optimal production quantity is obtained.In the last part,the numerical study is employed to verify theoretical results and compare the performance of the option contract with different parameters.In summary,option contract can help improve the profit of the whole supply chain.The coordination effect of the option contract depends on the parameters.