CAJ | 학술논문

美国针对联邦实验室国有专利的技术转移有着不同于大学的法律激励体系，具体包括将技术转移权益下放实验室、根据收益向发明人发放提成，将国有专利许可、独占许可，甚至所有权让渡给私营企业，将联邦实验室的合作研发成果归由合作方享有、获得独占许可或者不向第三方公开等，大体上可以归结为将国有专利的收益私人化、权益私有化两个方面。与美国联邦实验室的所有制性质相同，我国的高等院校及科研机构绝大部分是国有事业单位。基于此，探讨了美国联邦实验室的技术转移法律激励制度以及支撑这些改革的基本理念。
미국침대련방실험실국유전리적기술전이유착불동우대학적법률격려체계，구체포괄장기술전이권익하방실험실、근거수익향발명인발방제성，장국유전리허가、독점허가，심지소유권양도급사영기업，장련방실험실적합작연발성과귀유합작방향유、획득독점허가혹자불향제삼방공개등，대체상가이귀결위장국유전리적수익사인화、권익사유화량개방면。여미국련방실험실적소유제성질상동，아국적고등원교급과연궤구절대부분시국유사업단위。기우차，탐토료미국련방실험실적기술전이법률격려제도이급지탱저사개혁적기본이념。
The legal inventive system for technology transfer of federal laboratories in the U .S .is different from that of uni-versities .The U .S .government delegates technology transfer power to federal laboratories directors and shares license revenues with laboratory inventors .The federal legislation allows the federal laboratories license ,exclusive license ,even convey government＇s patents to private companies .When cooperating with private companies ,federal laboratories can con-tracting their technological results to their partners ,license exclusively to their partners ,or agree not to disclose to a third party .These legal methods are ,generally speaking ,in two ways ：privatization of proceeds of government＇s patents ,and in-dividualization of interest of government＇s patents .Same as the federal laboratories of the U .S .,the vast majority of uni-versities and research institutions in China are state-ow ned ;therefore the legal incentive system for technology transfer of U .S .federal laboratories and its theory are instructive to us .