法律科学：西北政法学院学报
法律科學：西北政法學院學報
법률과학：서북정법학원학보
Science of Law
2014年
3期
80~85
,共null页
清偿抵充 约定抵充 指定抵充 法定抵充
清償牴充 約定牴充 指定牴充 法定牴充
청상저충 약정저충 지정저충 법정저충
imputation of payment; contractual imputation; designated imputation; statutory imputation
2009年出台的最高人民法院《关于适用（中华人民共和国合同法）若干问题的解释（二）》首次规定了清偿抵充制度。然而，基于司法救急的原因，《合同法司法解释二》没有规定指定抵充。我国民法典应当按照《德国民法典》的债务人指定模式对指定抵充进行规定，同时，应当在《合同法司法解释二》相关规定的基础上，借鉴大陆法系国家和地区民法典关于清偿抵充的立法经验，进一步完善法定抵充制度。
2009年齣檯的最高人民法院《關于適用（中華人民共和國閤同法）若榦問題的解釋（二）》首次規定瞭清償牴充製度。然而，基于司法救急的原因，《閤同法司法解釋二》沒有規定指定牴充。我國民法典應噹按照《德國民法典》的債務人指定模式對指定牴充進行規定，同時，應噹在《閤同法司法解釋二》相關規定的基礎上，藉鑒大陸法繫國傢和地區民法典關于清償牴充的立法經驗，進一步完善法定牴充製度。
2009년출태적최고인민법원《관우괄용（중화인민공화국합동법）약간문제적해석（이）》수차규정료청상저충제도。연이，기우사법구급적원인，《합동법사법해석이》몰유규정지정저충。아국민법전응당안조《덕국민법전》적채무인지정모식대지정저충진행규정，동시，응당재《합동법사법해석이》상관규정적기출상，차감대륙법계국가화지구민법전관우청상저충적입법경험，진일보완선법정저충제도。
The Supreme People＇s Court＇s Interpretations of Certain Issues Concerning the Application of the Contract Law of the People＇s Republic of China （Part Two） （henceforth referred to as Judieial Interpretations of the Contract Law Part Two） put forward in 2009 forms the initial foundation for regulations on Imputation of Payment in China. However, regulations on Designated Imputation are not included in the Judicial Interpretations of the Contract Law Part Two, which merely remains as urgent improvement. This paper argues that regulations on Designated Imputation should be integrated in- to the Civil Code, as the ease of regulations on Designated Imputation by Debtor in German Civil Cede. Meanwhile, as far as Statutory Imputation is concerned, the Civil Code should draw further lessons from legislations of countries and regions with civil law system, based on the current regulations in the Judicial Interpretations of the Contract Law Part Two.
