法学研究
法學研究
법학연구
Cass Journal of Law
2014年
3期
186~207
,共null页
占有保护本权保护 占有保护诉讼
佔有保護本權保護 佔有保護訴訟
점유보호본권보호 점유보호소송
legal protection of possession, legal protection of rights, possessory action
我国物权法采广义的占有保护立法模式,注重法律规范的完整性和实用性,赋予占有人从物权到债权四种不同的占有保护请求权。占有保护与本权保护兼容互补、互不排斥且无法相互替代,构成财产归属秩序从事实到权利的双重保护格局。当事人选择行使一种保护方法败诉以后,仍然可以要求他种方法的保护。占有是事实而非权利,无论是有权占有还是无权占有,甚或是权属不明或者权属有争议之占有,均可享受占有之诉的保护。占有保护的一个首要前提是对物之占有或者曾经占有受到侵害或有受侵害之虞,否则占有保护无法成立。对于侵害占有的损害赔偿请求,当事人得以本权直接抗辩,而对于占有之诉,当事人不得以本权直接抗辩。间接占有、共同占有以及占有辅助已为现行立法、有关司法解释和司法实践所接受,在民事生活中广泛存在,其占有保护应区别具体情形分别处理。
我國物權法採廣義的佔有保護立法模式,註重法律規範的完整性和實用性,賦予佔有人從物權到債權四種不同的佔有保護請求權。佔有保護與本權保護兼容互補、互不排斥且無法相互替代,構成財產歸屬秩序從事實到權利的雙重保護格跼。噹事人選擇行使一種保護方法敗訴以後,仍然可以要求他種方法的保護。佔有是事實而非權利,無論是有權佔有還是無權佔有,甚或是權屬不明或者權屬有爭議之佔有,均可享受佔有之訴的保護。佔有保護的一箇首要前提是對物之佔有或者曾經佔有受到侵害或有受侵害之虞,否則佔有保護無法成立。對于侵害佔有的損害賠償請求,噹事人得以本權直接抗辯,而對于佔有之訴,噹事人不得以本權直接抗辯。間接佔有、共同佔有以及佔有輔助已為現行立法、有關司法解釋和司法實踐所接受,在民事生活中廣汎存在,其佔有保護應區彆具體情形分彆處理。
아국물권법채엄의적점유보호입법모식,주중법률규범적완정성화실용성,부여점유인종물권도채권사충불동적점유보호청구권。점유보호여본권보호겸용호보、호불배척차무법상호체대,구성재산귀속질서종사실도권리적쌍중보호격국。당사인선택행사일충보호방법패소이후,잉연가이요구타충방법적보호。점유시사실이비권리,무론시유권점유환시무권점유,심혹시권속불명혹자권속유쟁의지점유,균가향수점유지소적보호。점유보호적일개수요전제시대물지점유혹자증경점유수도침해혹유수침해지우,부칙점유보호무법성립。대우침해점유적손해배상청구,당사인득이본권직접항변,이대우점유지소,당사인불득이본권직접항변。간접점유、공동점유이급점유보조이위현행입법、유관사법해석화사법실천소접수,재민사생활중엄범존재,기점유보호응구별구체정형분별처리。
The current Chinese Property Law adopts the generalized legislative mode of protection of possession, which attaches importance to the integrity and practicality of legal norms and endows the possessor with four different claims of protection of possession. The protection of possession and the protection of rights are mutually compatible and supplementary, but not mutually replaceable with each other. Together they form a system of dual protection of possession. Possession is a kind of fact, rather than a kind of right. All kinds of possession, including unauthorized possession, disputed pos session and possession with unclear ownership, enjoy the protection of possessory action. The primary premise for protection of possession is that the current or foregone possession is / was disturbed or its further disturbances are to be feared. The possessor has to prove the status quo and the scope of the possession, otherwise there shall be no protection of possession. The question of whether indirect pos session and copossession enjoy the protection of possessory action should be determined in light of specific and concrete circumstances of each case. An agent in possession is not entitled to possession protection against any person, including the employer, without authorization from the person who ex ercises actual control of the possession. A damages compensation action of possession is a kind of rightbased action whereas possessory action is a kind of factbased action. There are obvious differ ences between the two in terms of the purpose of protection, the basis of the right of claim, adjudica tion rule, onus probandi ( burden of proof), defense and limitation of action.