CAJ | 학술논문

司马迁传承家族史学家的批判精神，接续孔子作《春秋》，把握话语权，以道统抗衡政统，写作《史记》隐藏着史家的褒贬。司马迁笔下的项羽是一个叱咤风云的英雄人物，同时，文中将刘邦与项羽形象从出身、行事、性格等方面相比较，似乎有抑刘褒项的暗示。然而项羽性格很多缺憾，尤其是私德、公德的不平衡，公德缺失，必然失败。文章对刘邦和项羽的同时批评，恰恰可以看出司马迁对新旧贵族的评判。这一做法反映了司马迁的精英意识。
사마천전승가족사학가적비판정신，접속공자작《춘추》，파악화어권，이도통항형정통，사작《사기》은장착사가적포폄。사마천필하적항우시일개질타풍운적영웅인물，동시，문중장류방여항우형상종출신、행사、성격등방면상비교，사호유억류포항적암시。연이항우성격흔다결감，우기시사덕、공덕적불평형，공덕결실，필연실패。문장대류방화항우적동시비평，흡흡가이간출사마천대신구귀족적평판。저일주법반영료사마천적정영의식。
Sima Qian （司马迁） inherited the critical spirit of family historians, used the technique of writing for Spring and Autumn Annals in Confucius＇ footsteps, grasped the right to influence action, and fought against political domination with Confucian orthodoxy. In the course of writing Records of the Historian （《史记》） , he concealed his commendations and criticisms as a historian. In Sima Qian＇ s works, Xiang Yu （项羽） was depicted as an all-powerful hero. Sima Qian simultaneously compared the images of Xiang Yu and Liu Bang （刘邦） from their different family origins, ways of conduct, and personalities, seemingly having a hint of praising Xiang while belittling Liu. However, Xiang Yu had some shortcomings in his personality, such as the imbalance between his private morality and public morality. He was doomed to fail because of his lacking of public morality. From Sima Qian-s simultaneous criticism of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, we can see his judgment of the old and new aristocracies. This approach reflects Sima Qian＇ s elite consciousness.