CAJ | 학술논문

对立违抗障碍（Oppositional Defiant Disorder，ODD）是一种以对权威人物的抗拒、挑衅、公然违抗、敌对等行为为典型特征的儿童破坏性行为障碍。通过对29组被评定为ODD的有隔代抚养独生子女儿童及其家长、教师的访谈分析发现，ODD儿童不仅会对抗家长、教师等权威人物，消极抵制或公然违抗家长、教师的指令，而且容易在同伴交往中被激惹或故意激惹他人，对他人的无意行为反应过度，甚至失去控制打骂他人。从家庭系统的角度分析访谈内容发现，ODD儿童的症状更多是家庭问题的呈现，而家庭互动方式和家庭关系则是导致症状产生的主家庭原因。其中，家庭互动方式是直接的浅层次的原因，而家庭关系则是隐藏在背后的深层次原因。在家庭互动方式上，0DD儿童的家庭整体水平（如家庭亲密度低、家庭冲突性高）、互动水平（父母对待孩子高求和控制、溺爱与纵容、教养不一致、情感虐待）和个体水平（父母的自卑与补偿、期待投射）都存在较多问题。在家庭关系上，ODD儿童的家庭存在儿童亲职化、替罪羔羊、跨代联盟、等级结构和多代传递等问题。隔代抚养、独生子女的问题会在具体家庭互动方式和家庭关系中体现出来并影响到ODD儿童的症状。
대립위항장애（Oppositional Defiant Disorder，ODD）시일충이대권위인물적항거、도흔、공연위항、활대등행위위전형특정적인동파배성행위장애。통과대29조피평정위ODD적유격대무양독생자녀인동급기가장、교사적방담분석발현，ODD인동불부회대항가장、교사등권위인물，소겁저제혹공연위항가장、교사적지령，이차용역재동반교왕중피격야혹고의격야타인，대타인적무의행위반응과도，심지실거공제타매타인。종가정계통적각도분석방담내용발현，ODD인동적증상경다시가정문제적정현，이가정호동방식화가정관계칙시도치증상산생적주가정원인。기중，가정호동방식시직접적천층차적원인，이가정관계칙시은장재배후적심층차원인。재가정호동방식상，0DD인동적가정정체수평（여가정친밀도저、가정충돌성고）、호동수평（부모대대해자고구화공제、닉애여종용、교양불일치、정감학대）화개체수평（부모적자비여보상、기대투사）도존재교다문제。재가정관계상，ODD인동적가정존재인동친직화、체죄고양、과대련맹、등급결구화다대전체등문제。격대무양、독생자녀적문제회재구체가정호동방식화가정관계중체현출래병영향도ODD인동적증상。
Oppositional Defiant Disorder（ODD） is characterized as a pattern of noncompliant, argumentative, angry, hostile and defiant behavior. In order to explore the symptoms and the affecting factors of ODD upon one child families with grand- parents education, 29 group interview data（each group including ODD children, parents, teachers） were collected through one- to-one and face-to-face interviewing. The analysis revealed that：（i）ODD has great negative internalizing and externalizing problems in that such children were easy to be irritated and in general disobeyed both their parents and teacher, and tended to beat peers ; （ii） ODD families had problems of parentification, scapegoat, cross-generation coalition, hierarchical structure, and multigenerational transmission;and（iii）they had such problems as whole family ODD level（e, g. ,low cohesion）, interaction level（e, g. ,control,inconsistent）and parent individual level psychology（inferiority and compensation）.