CAJ | 학술논문

教练员领导行为对团队绩效和运动员正面积极行为的研究在运动心理学领域受到广泛关注，但其内在作用机理与规律仍然是理论黑箱。基于目标导向理论的激励氛围和基于自我决定理论的基本心理需求，为此提供了一个全新的解释框架，成为连接教练员外部激励与运动员内部动机形成的桥梁与纽带。教练员通过其领导行为营造出任务导向型激励氛围，诱发运动员的激励内化，进而促进运动员正面积极的行为取向。以参加2013年全国361°排球锦标赛的运动员为样本，通过结构方程法探究了教练员领导行为、激励氛围与运动员激励内化及其行为倾向选择的相关关系。在教练员领导行为方面，社会支持、训练指导和正面反馈等行为是促进运动员激励感知与内化的内在驱动力与关键因素；同时，教练员所营造的任务导向型激励氛围是链接教练员行为和运动员激励内化的中介条件；在激励内化方面，教练员激励氛围需要通过运动员自主感，特别是团队归属感的形成才能发挥效力。
교련원령도행위대단대적효화운동원정면적겁행위적연구재운동심이학영역수도엄범관주，단기내재작용궤리여규률잉연시이론흑상。기우목표도향이론적격려분위화기우자아결정이론적기본심리수구，위차제공료일개전신적해석광가，성위련접교련원외부격려여운동원내부동궤형성적교량여뉴대。교련원통과기령도행위영조출임무도향형격려분위，유발운동원적격려내화，진이촉진운동원정면적겁적행위취향。이삼가2013년전국361°배구금표새적운동원위양본，통과결구방정법탐구료교련원령도행위、격려분위여운동원격려내화급기행위경향선택적상관관계。재교련원령도행위방면，사회지지、훈련지도화정면반궤등행위시촉진운동원격려감지여내화적내재구동력여관건인소；동시，교련원소영조적임무도향형격려분위시련접교련원행위화운동원격려내화적중개조건；재격려내화방면，교련원격려분위수요통과운동원자주감，특별시단대귀속감적형성재능발휘효력。
The effects of coach behaviors on group performance and positive sportsman-like behaviors have been concerned in sports psychology. However, its operational mechanism and principles are still in the black box. Based on goal perspective theory and self-determination theory, motivational climates and basic needs were introduced to posit a new framework in order to construct a link between external motivation from coaches and internal motivation from athletes. Coach-initiated task involving motivational climates facilitate the motivation internalization of athletes by satisfying their basic needs and accordingly create positive sportsman-like behaviors. This paper aims to discuss the intermediate effects of motivational climates and basic needs between coach behaviors and athletes＇ behaviors orientation by SEM. Regarding coach behaviors, social support, training as well as positive feedback are key behaviors and driving forces leading to perception and internalization of coach＇ s motivation. Meanwhile, the intermediate effects of task involving motivational climates between coach motivation and basic need satisfaction are also approved. Perception of relatedness have significant impact on motivational in motivation internalization, followed by perception of autonomy, which lead to effective coach leadership.