CAJ | 학술논문

中国经济快速增长的同时,城乡居民收入以及教育、医疗、社会保障等物质生活条件差距不断扩大,但一些实证分析表明,中国农村居民的主观幸福感却强于城镇居民。本文将这种悖论式的事实置于城乡二元经济社会结构现实之中,运用Orler Probit模型对中国综合社会调查（CCSS）引数据进行了实证分析。结果表明一方面,城乡幸福悖论主要源于城乡居民不同的主观心态：控制绝对收入、相对收入及个体特征等相关变量之后,城市居民并不比农村居民更幸福,然而一旦加入城乡居民对“命运”、“家境”和“进取心”等主观心态,城市居民幸福感会高于农村居民幸福感。另一方面,如果控制包括主观心态在内的其他条件,在那些绝对收入超过16013.7元的居民中,农村居民幸福感要强于城市居民;当绝对收入低于16013. 7元时,城市居民仍然比农村居民幸福。分析结果启示我们,现代化、工业化、城市化都只是发展的路径而非发展目的,城市化进程有可能是建造“幸福围城”的过程,从而违背城市化发展的基本初衷。就发展的终极目的而言,城市化也不是发展的唯一路径,增加农民收入、为农民提供均等化的公共基础服务,在农村同样能增强人们的福社。
중국경제쾌속증장적동시,성향거민수입이급교육、의료、사회보장등물질생활조건차거불단확대,단일사실증분석표명,중국농촌거민적주관행복감각강우성진거민。본문장저충패론식적사실치우성향이원경제사회결구현실지중,운용Orler Probit모형대중국종합사회조사（CCSS）인수거진행료실증분석。결과표명일방면,성향행복패론주요원우성향거민불동적주관심태：공제절대수입、상대수입급개체특정등상관변량지후,성시거민병불비농촌거민경행복,연이일단가입성향거민대“명운”、“가경”화“진취심”등주관심태,성시거민행복감회고우농촌거민행복감。령일방면,여과공제포괄주관심태재내적기타조건,재나사절대수입초과16013.7원적거민중,농촌거민행복감요강우성시거민;당절대수입저우16013. 7원시,성시거민잉연비농촌거민행복。분석결과계시아문,현대화、공업화、성시화도지시발전적로경이비발전목적,성시화진정유가능시건조“행복위성”적과정,종이위배성시화발전적기본초충。취발전적종겁목적이언,성시화야불시발전적유일로경,증가농민수입、위농민제공균등화적공공기출복무,재농촌동양능증강인문적복사。
With the rapid growth of China, the gaps of urban-rural income, education, health care, social security and other physical life conditions are widening, but some empirical analyses show that, the subjective well-being of rural residents is stronger than that of urban residents. Taking the paradox fact into consideration when analyzing the dual social structure between urban and rural areas, the paper has made an empirical analysis based on the China＇ s General Social Survey （CGSS） data by using the Order Probit model. The results show that, for one thing, the paradox mainly comes from the different mindset of the urban and rural residents： the urban residents are not happier than rural residents when we control the absolute income, relative, and characteristics variables, however, once the mindset of the residents, such as the ‘fate＇ , the ‘ family＇ and the ‘ enterprise＇ are controlled, the urban residents are happier than rural residents. For another, with the mindset of residents and other conditions unchanged, the rural residents are happier than urban residents when the residents＇ absolute income is above 16 013.7yuan; when the residents＇ absolute income is below 16 013.7yuan, the urban residents are happier than rural residents. The results of the analysis enlighten us that, rather than development purposes, industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernization are the paths of development. And the urbanization may be a process of building the ‘ the besieged city of happiness＇ , which goes against the basic purpose of development. As for the ultimate purpose of development, the urbanization is not the only path of development, and increasing rural residents＇ income and providing equal public service for rural residents can enhance the well-being of people in the countryside as well.