中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2014年
6期
51~58
,共null页
空心村 农村社会变迁 治理 综述
空心村 農村社會變遷 治理 綜述
공심촌 농촌사회변천 치리 종술
hollow village; rural society transformation; governance; literature review
作为中国社会转型过程中一个重要的研究领域.空心村研究近年来开始活跃.产生了不少的研究成果。依据已有的空心村研究。文章采用文献法从空心村界定、空心村的形成机制、空心村形成的影响因素、空心村造成的负面影响、空心村的调控对策等方面对现有研究进行回顾和整理。并对当前空心村研究的拓展提出新的看法。文章认为:空心村是在工业化、城镇化背景下农村变迁的阶段性外在表现,“空心”并不一定是一种空间形态。而是土地、人口、经济、社会、文化等各要素偏离和谐“运行轨道”的结果,是农村多要素“空心”的综合。是农村社会“生态失衡”的体现。是未来新型农村的孕育者。空心村的界定具有客观性、相对性和关联性特征。为了治理空心村。我们需要将目光从“土地”转移到“农民”身上。以人为本,将“增加农民福利作为空心村治理的最终目标”。实现农村的顺利转型;而不是以治理空心村之名攫取农村土地用于城市建设。更不是将农民赶上楼。研究表明,现有研究从内容和方法上都有待于进一步的深化:空心村本身是一个复杂的社会系统,采用多学科视角从社会、经济、文化、历史等各方面进行多维度分析显得尤为重要;基于社区的微观层面研究能够更加深入细致地反映出空心村的形成机制、变迁逻辑、社会影响、治理方式等,可以作为空心村进一步研究的重要手段;农民对空心村的治理意愿、自主实践等是空心村研究中最具生命力的呐喊。在空心村研究中需要引入农民视角;制定空心村的量化指标体系是深入研究空心村的基础,能够保障国家政策有明确的施用对象,在制定空心村指标体系时。可以借鉴贫困指数、人类发展指数等较为成熟的指数编制方法。
作為中國社會轉型過程中一箇重要的研究領域.空心村研究近年來開始活躍.產生瞭不少的研究成果。依據已有的空心村研究。文章採用文獻法從空心村界定、空心村的形成機製、空心村形成的影響因素、空心村造成的負麵影響、空心村的調控對策等方麵對現有研究進行迴顧和整理。併對噹前空心村研究的拓展提齣新的看法。文章認為:空心村是在工業化、城鎮化揹景下農村變遷的階段性外在錶現,“空心”併不一定是一種空間形態。而是土地、人口、經濟、社會、文化等各要素偏離和諧“運行軌道”的結果,是農村多要素“空心”的綜閤。是農村社會“生態失衡”的體現。是未來新型農村的孕育者。空心村的界定具有客觀性、相對性和關聯性特徵。為瞭治理空心村。我們需要將目光從“土地”轉移到“農民”身上。以人為本,將“增加農民福利作為空心村治理的最終目標”。實現農村的順利轉型;而不是以治理空心村之名攫取農村土地用于城市建設。更不是將農民趕上樓。研究錶明,現有研究從內容和方法上都有待于進一步的深化:空心村本身是一箇複雜的社會繫統,採用多學科視角從社會、經濟、文化、歷史等各方麵進行多維度分析顯得尤為重要;基于社區的微觀層麵研究能夠更加深入細緻地反映齣空心村的形成機製、變遷邏輯、社會影響、治理方式等,可以作為空心村進一步研究的重要手段;農民對空心村的治理意願、自主實踐等是空心村研究中最具生命力的吶喊。在空心村研究中需要引入農民視角;製定空心村的量化指標體繫是深入研究空心村的基礎,能夠保障國傢政策有明確的施用對象,在製定空心村指標體繫時。可以藉鑒貧睏指數、人類髮展指數等較為成熟的指數編製方法。
작위중국사회전형과정중일개중요적연구영역.공심촌연구근년래개시활약.산생료불소적연구성과。의거이유적공심촌연구。문장채용문헌법종공심촌계정、공심촌적형성궤제、공심촌형성적영향인소、공심촌조성적부면영향、공심촌적조공대책등방면대현유연구진행회고화정리。병대당전공심촌연구적탁전제출신적간법。문장인위:공심촌시재공업화、성진화배경하농촌변천적계단성외재표현,“공심”병불일정시일충공간형태。이시토지、인구、경제、사회、문화등각요소편리화해“운행궤도”적결과,시농촌다요소“공심”적종합。시농촌사회“생태실형”적체현。시미래신형농촌적잉육자。공심촌적계정구유객관성、상대성화관련성특정。위료치리공심촌。아문수요장목광종“토지”전이도“농민”신상。이인위본,장“증가농민복리작위공심촌치리적최종목표”。실현농촌적순리전형;이불시이치리공심촌지명확취농촌토지용우성시건설。경불시장농민간상루。연구표명,현유연구종내용화방법상도유대우진일보적심화:공심촌본신시일개복잡적사회계통,채용다학과시각종사회、경제、문화、역사등각방면진행다유도분석현득우위중요;기우사구적미관층면연구능구경가심입세치지반영출공심촌적형성궤제、변천라집、사회영향、치리방식등,가이작위공심촌진일보연구적중요수단;농민대공심촌적치리의원、자주실천등시공심촌연구중최구생명력적눌함。재공심촌연구중수요인입농민시각;제정공심촌적양화지표체계시심입연구공심촌적기출,능구보장국가정책유명학적시용대상,재제정공심촌지표체계시。가이차감빈곤지수、인류발전지수등교위성숙적지수편제방법。
As a significant research filed in the process of social transformation in China, hollow village studies have been active and generated many research productions recently. This article provides a review on researches in hollow village studies from aspects of concept, formation, mechanism of evolution, negative effects, governance methods and proposes expanded research field for hollow village studies. This paper holds the view that hollow village is periodic outward manifestation of rural transformation in industrialization and urbanization context. "Hollow" is not necessarily a spatial expression, but a result of various elements, which include land, population, economy, society and culture, deviate from normal harmonious orbit. " Hollow" reflects rural society " ecological unbalance", which gives birth to new countryside. The definition of hollow village features objectivity, relativity and relevance. In order to manage hollow village, it is necessary for us to shift our attention from land to people. This people-oriented approach regards rural residents' welfare increase and rural society's successful transformation as ultimate goal, which is absolutely not land grabbing for urban construction, or not rural residents' forced movement to apartments. It is found that current research contents and methods should be further deepened. First, it is vital to make multi-dimensional analysis in multi-disciplinary aspects based on the fact that hollow village is a complex social system. Second, community-based research could reflect hollow village's tbrmation mechanism, transformation logic, social impacts and governance in a meticulous and deepgoing way. Third, it is essential to introduce rural residents' viewpoints, which include their willingness and indigenous practice to govern hollow village and to study hollow village. Fourth, it is important to develop quantitative indicators system of hollow village, which makes it possible to implement national policy. The paper recommends the index of poverty index and human development index.