CAJ | 학술논문

“自下而上”和“自上而下”的环境污染责任保险制度试点过程表明从供给侧和需求侧共同提升投保意愿有助于推动环境污染责任保险市场建设。我国环境污染责任保险研究始于20世纪中后期。武汉、大连、江苏等地环境污染责任保险试点经验表明。环境污染责任保险投保意愿在供给侧表现为区域、行业和政策条件的附加性，体现为环境污染责任保险市场规则的地区差异、行业差异与政策差异；环境污染责任保险投保意愿在需求侧表现为保险费率的企业和地区差异。即不同企业、不同行业之间环境污染责任保险的费率差异．或存在倍数关系；环境污染责任保险投保意愿取决于环境风险、防范意识和环境知识等因素。基于二值选择和排序数据模型。本文从环境风险、防范意识、环境知识以及环境立法与政策宽严程度及执法效率等方面对浙江省企业环境污染责任保险的投保意愿进行实证研究。研究结果表明。环境污染责任保险投保意愿地区差异显著；环境风险越高的企业。环境污染责任保险的投保意愿越强；防范意识越强的企业，环境污染责任保险的投保意愿越高：环境知识水平越高的企业．环境污染责任保险的投保意愿越高；而在试点阶段。环境立法与政策宽严程度及执法效率对环境污染责任保险的投保意愿影响并不显著。因此，在深化试点的过程中应注意甄别企业的异质性。即把握企业环境风险程度、提高企业环境风险防范意识、加大环境污染责任保险的宣传和推广力度。同时还需密切关注环境立法与政策宽严程度的变化以及执法效率的地区和企业差异。
“자하이상”화“자상이하”적배경오염책임보험제도시점과정표명종공급측화수구측공동제승투보의원유조우추동배경오염책임보험시장건설。아국배경오염책임보험연구시우20세기중후기。무한、대련、강소등지배경오염책임보험시점경험표명。배경오염책임보험투보의원재공급측표현위구역、행업화정책조건적부가성，체현위배경오염책임보험시장규칙적지구차이、행업차이여정책차이；배경오염책임보험투보의원재수구측표현위보험비솔적기업화지구차이。즉불동기업、불동행업지간배경오염책임보험적비솔차이．혹존재배수관계；배경오염책임보험투보의원취결우배경풍험、방범의식화배경지식등인소。기우이치선택화배서수거모형。본문종배경풍험、방범의식、배경지식이급배경입법여정책관엄정도급집법효솔등방면대절강성기업배경오염책임보험적투보의원진행실증연구。연구결과표명。배경오염책임보험투보의원지구차이현저；배경풍험월고적기업。배경오염책임보험적투보의원월강；방범의식월강적기업，배경오염책임보험적투보의원월고：배경지식수평월고적기업．배경오염책임보험적투보의원월고；이재시점계단。배경입법여정책관엄정도급집법효솔대배경오염책임보험적투보의원영향병불현저。인차，재심화시점적과정중응주의견별기업적이질성。즉파악기업배경풍험정도、제고기업배경풍험방범의식、가대배경오염책임보험적선전화추엄력도。동시환수밀절관주배경입법여정책관엄정도적변화이급집법효솔적지구화기업차이。
Based on the pilot experiences of both the ＂bottom-to-up＂ and ＂up-to-bottom＂ institutional innovation of pollution liability insurance（ PLI）, it is shown that it＇ s necessary to investigate the willingness to insure（WTI） from the combined angel of supply and demand. In the late period of 20th century, the PLI was introduced in China. The regions like Wuhan, Dalian, Jiangsu and so on tried to carry out PLI. The experiences are concluded as follows： regional, industrial and political conditions could be expressed as the supply side of WTI according to the different rules of PLI in different regions, industries and policies ; the different fees between regions and among firms are the core concern of the demand side of WTI and the rate has a significant impact on WTI. The willingness to insure PLI depends on environmental risk, preservation and knowledge, the impacts of which are significantly different. Based on the probit and ordered probit model, this paper empirically studied the WTI of enterprises in Zhejiang province based on the variables of environmental risk, awareness, environmental knowledge, environmental legislation, policies and their enforcement efficiency. The results show that there are notable regional differences of WTI; the enterprises which have higher environmental risk have stronger WTI ; the enterprises with stronger awareness have stronger WTI ; the enterprises owning higher level of environmental knowledge have stronger WTI. However, such variables as environmental legislation, policy or their enforcement efficiency do not have significant impacts on WTI in the pilot period. As a result, in the next deepening process of PLI, more attention needs be paid to firm＇ s heterogeneity, which is to master the extent of environmental risk, to improve the understanding of environmental preservation and to make it much more popular for the pollutants, besides to care more about the environmental legislation, policies and their enforcement efficiency.