北京社会科学
北京社會科學
북경사회과학
Social Science of Beijing
2014年
6期
122~128
,共null页
法藏 五教判教 四宗判教 文献学研究 哲学研究
法藏 五教判教 四宗判教 文獻學研究 哲學研究
법장 오교판교 사종판교 문헌학연구 철학연구
Fazang; five teachings classification; four teachings classification; philological research;Philosophical research
法藏的判教思想可以分为三期：早期、中期、晚期。法藏早期采用五教十宗之判，中期则五教判教与四宗判教并用，晚期隐五说四，单说四宗判教。法藏一贯以理、事关系作为判教的依据，到中、后期判教文献中，逐渐转变为以佛性论为主要标准。在五教判教体系中，《大乘起信论》由所说绝言、依言二种真如先是被判为始、终、顿三教，后来则以佛性论为根据被判为终、顿二教。在四宗判教体系中，法葳主要依据佛性论判《大乘起信论》为“唯一无三”之“一乘究竟”。诸种教法之地位在四宗判教体系中比在五教判教体系中都有所提高，这体现了法藏欲以华严一乘圆教统摄诸教的努力。法藏把五教判教与四宗判教并列看待，以其圆融思想统摄各种判教，成为一无碍的体系。
法藏的判教思想可以分為三期：早期、中期、晚期。法藏早期採用五教十宗之判，中期則五教判教與四宗判教併用，晚期隱五說四，單說四宗判教。法藏一貫以理、事關繫作為判教的依據，到中、後期判教文獻中，逐漸轉變為以彿性論為主要標準。在五教判教體繫中，《大乘起信論》由所說絕言、依言二種真如先是被判為始、終、頓三教，後來則以彿性論為根據被判為終、頓二教。在四宗判教體繫中，法葳主要依據彿性論判《大乘起信論》為“唯一無三”之“一乘究竟”。諸種教法之地位在四宗判教體繫中比在五教判教體繫中都有所提高，這體現瞭法藏欲以華嚴一乘圓教統攝諸教的努力。法藏把五教判教與四宗判教併列看待，以其圓融思想統攝各種判教，成為一無礙的體繫。
법장적판교사상가이분위삼기：조기、중기、만기。법장조기채용오교십종지판，중기칙오교판교여사종판교병용，만기은오설사，단설사종판교。법장일관이리、사관계작위판교적의거，도중、후기판교문헌중，축점전변위이불성론위주요표준。재오교판교체계중，《대승기신론》유소설절언、의언이충진여선시피판위시、종、돈삼교，후래칙이불성론위근거피판위종、돈이교。재사종판교체계중，법위주요의거불성론판《대승기신론》위“유일무삼”지“일승구경”。제충교법지지위재사종판교체계중비재오교판교체계중도유소제고，저체현료법장욕이화엄일승원교통섭제교적노력。법장파오교판교여사종판교병렬간대，이기원융사상통섭각충판교，성위일무애적체계。
The development of Fazang＇s thoughts of teaching classification may be divided into three periods： the early, the middle and the late. He used a ＂five teachings＂ classification system in the early period, both the ＂five teachings＂ and a ＂four teachings＂ one in the middle period, while avoided the ＂five teachings＂ in the late period. Fazang consistently made the relationship between the principle and phenomena as a standard of classification, which was gradually taken place by the Buddha - nature as a new standard in the middle and late periods. In the ＂ five teachings＂ system of classification, based on the distinction between ＂ the true thusness beyond language＂ and ＂the true thusness in language＂, Awakening of Faith of Mahayana was classified as three types of teachings at the same time： the Hinayana, the elementary teaching of Mahayana; the final teaching of Mahayana; the sudden enlightenment teaching. However, according to its teaching of the Buddha nature, it was lately classified into two of those three types mentioned. In the four teachings system of classification, it was classified as the final single vehicle without three vehicles. The four teachings system raised the status of the teachings, which reflected Fazang＇s efforts to include them into his Huayen teaching of perfect interfusion of single vehicle. He treated these two systems equally and fused various teachings into one harmonious system.
