CAJ | 학술논문

高等教育在国家与地方领导人的培养和选拔中具有重要的作用，然而这种作用如何具体实现则有待认识。本研究以历任英国首相为考察对象，对其教育背景进行了深入的考察和分析。结果表明，早期英国首相选拔存在贵族化取向。他们接受的教育大致分为三个阶段，基础教育阶段多接受重在培养贵族子弟的公学教育，高等教育阶段进入有“领袖摇篮”之称的牛津、剑桥，毕业之后的游学则是其正规学校教育之外的必要补充。其中每一教育阶段都贯穿着明确的目标、完善的制度（如导师制）、有效的措施和方法（如牛津辩论会、游学等）等具体内涵。尽管随着时代发展和社会进步，越来越多的英国首相出身平凡，但在高等教育阶段，出自牛津大学的首相仍占很大比例。英国政治领袖的培养形成了自己鲜明的特色，这为我国世界一流大学建设和领导人才培养提供了不同维度的参照。
고등교육재국가여지방령도인적배양화선발중구유중요적작용，연이저충작용여하구체실현칙유대인식。본연구이력임영국수상위고찰대상，대기교육배경진행료심입적고찰화분석。결과표명，조기영국수상선발존재귀족화취향。타문접수적교육대치분위삼개계단，기출교육계단다접수중재배양귀족자제적공학교육，고등교육계단진입유“령수요람”지칭적우진、검교，필업지후적유학칙시기정규학교교육지외적필요보충。기중매일교육계단도관천착명학적목표、완선적제도（여도사제）、유효적조시화방법（여우진변론회、유학등）등구체내함。진관수착시대발전화사회진보，월래월다적영국수상출신평범，단재고등교육계단，출자우진대학적수상잉점흔대비례。영국정치령수적배양형성료자기선명적특색，저위아국세계일류대학건설화령도인재배양제공료불동유도적삼조。
Education plays an important role in the cultivation and selection of national leaders. However, it is unclear how to fulfill the role. This paper conducts a comprehensive study on the educational background of former prime ministers in the United Kingdom. The results show that there are aristocratic tendencies in the selection of British prime ministers in early times. Their educational experience can be broadly divided into three stages. Specifically speaking, they receive basic education at colleges dedicated to cultivating nobility, receive higher education at Oxbridge （also called ＂the cradle of leaders＂）, and take the Grand Tour after graduation, which is a necessary complement beyond their formal education. Every stage of education has clear objectives, perfect systems （such as tutorial system）, effective measures and methods （such as Oxford Union, the Grand Tour, etc.）. With the development of the times and social progress, more and more British prime ministers come from ordinary families, but Oxford graduates still account for a large percentage of them. The cultivation of national leaders in the UK, featured by distinctive British traditions, may shed light on China＇s endeavors to establish world-class universities and cultivate leaders.