CAJ | 학술논문

生态学马克思主义和生态女性主义均为产生于20世纪70年代西方重要生态思潮,都孕育于当时西方社会蓬勃发展的环境运动.两者都反对主客二分的机械自然观,都重视环境实践并关注环境正义,并主张未来理想社会人与自然和谐相处.在考察生态危机根源时,生态学马克思主义从科学技术、经济理性、价值观念等维度出发,主张从资本主义制度进行深度挖掘;生态女性主义则主要从文化视角透视生态危机,认为其根源于西方父权制文化.在解决生态危机的途径上,生态学马克思主义遵循制度批判和价值批判相结合的思路,主张建立全新生态社会主义社会;生态女性主义则采取一种思想文化进路,强调只有恢复女性原则才能彻底解决生态危机.在对人类中心主义的看法上,早期生态学马克思主义者深受生态中心主义的影响,后期生态学马克思主义者坚持重返人类中心主义立场,主张为马克思主义的人类中心主义正名;生态女性主义则强调生态中心主义价值观,强烈反对人类中心主义,尤其反对男性中心主义.在社会实践中,生态学马克思主义理论指导了生态社会主义运动,成为西方新社会运动组成部分;生态女性主义发出了女性在生态问题上的声音,重视理论与实践的紧密结合,表现出行动主义取向.生态学马克思主义和生态女性主义应互为借鉴,以促进各自发展和环境哲学的深化.
생태학마극사주의화생태녀성주의균위산생우20세기70년대서방중요생태사조,도잉육우당시서방사회봉발발전적배경운동.량자도반대주객이분적궤계자연관,도중시배경실천병관주배경정의,병주장미래이상사회인여자연화해상처.재고찰생태위궤근원시,생태학마극사주의종과학기술、경제이성、개치관념등유도출발,주장종자본주의제도진행심도알굴;생태녀성주의칙주요종문화시각투시생태위궤,인위기근원우서방부권제문화.재해결생태위궤적도경상,생태학마극사주의준순제도비판화개치비판상결합적사로,주장건립전신생태사회주의사회;생태녀성주의칙채취일충사상문화진로,강조지유회복녀성원칙재능철저해결생태위궤.재대인류중심주의적간법상,조기생태학마극사주의자심수생태중심주의적영향,후기생태학마극사주의자견지중반인류중심주의립장,주장위마극사주의적인류중심주의정명;생태녀성주의칙강조생태중심주의개치관,강렬반대인류중심주의,우기반대남성중심주의.재사회실천중,생태학마극사주의이론지도료생태사회주의운동,성위서방신사회운동조성부분;생태녀성주의발출료녀성재생태문제상적성음,중시이론여실천적긴밀결합,표현출행동주의취향.생태학마극사주의화생태녀성주의응호위차감,이촉진각자발전화배경철학적심화.
As two different forms of Western ecological thinking, Eco-Marxism and Eco-Feminism grew out of the same period. Both reject the mechanical view of nature which is grounded in the subject-object dichotomy; both pay attention to environmental practices and environmental justice; and both stand for the opinion that human being will get along well with nature in the future ideal society. Yet, with regards the cause of ecological crisis, the value orientation of the anthropocentrism and solutions to the problems, they have different ideas. Eco- Marxism and Eco-Feminism should learn from each other. This will help promote their respective development and deepen their environmental thinking.