CAJ | 학술논문

通过3个实验分别考察了视觉和听觉任务对同时进行的多目标追踪任务干扰程度的差异,以及当视觉与听觉任务的信息加工与多目标追踪的身份特征相一致时,视觉与听觉任务是否会对多目标追踪产生促进作用。在控制眼动的情况下,听觉任务对多目标追踪的干扰程度大于视觉任务;而在不控制眼动的情况下,听觉任务对多目标追踪的干扰程度小于视觉任务。说明多目标追踪过程既要占用编码阶段的视觉注意资源,又要占用中央加工阶段的中央注意资源。当视觉或听觉数字判断任务中的数字与多身份追踪任务中目标的数字身份相一致时,该相容性会对追踪表现产生促进作用并降低两任务间的干扰程度。这是由于追踪过程中目标的数字身份被储存在视觉工作记忆中,节约了用于数字加工的认知资源,从而促进了两项任务的表现。最后,对多目标追踪中的注意分配机制进行了讨论。
통과3개실험분별고찰료시각화은각임무대동시진행적다목표추종임무간우정도적차이,이급당시각여은각임무적신식가공여다목표추종적신빈특정상일치시,시각여은각임무시부회대다목표추종산생촉진작용。재공제안동적정황하,은각임무대다목표추종적간우정도대우시각임무;이재불공제안동적정황하,은각임무대다목표추종적간우정도소우시각임무。설명다목표추종과정기요점용편마계단적시각주의자원,우요점용중앙가공계단적중앙주의자원。당시각혹은각수자판단임무중적수자여다신빈추종임무중목표적수자신빈상일치시,해상용성회대추종표현산생촉진작용병강저량임무간적간우정도。저시유우추종과정중목표적수자신빈피저존재시각공작기억중,절약료용우수자가공적인지자원,종이촉진료량항임무적표현。최후,대다목표추종중적주의분배궤제진행료토론。
Multiple Object Tracking （MOT） developed by Pylyshyn and Storm （1988） has been widely used in the study of capacity-limited and object-based attention. Many researchers interested in finding out whether or not the tracking processes in MOT occupy attentional resource and what type of resource is used. The typical paradigm used in this line of research is dual-task paradigm. Participants were asked to perform a visual or auditory task and the MOT task simultaneously. MOT performance was interfered by both the visual and the auditory task. However, the interference of visual task and auditory task with MOT occurred at different levels. The previous studies demonstrated that the MOT task and visual task occupy visual attention resources.＆amp;nbsp;Although the MOT task and auditory task don’t occupy visual attention resources, they share more central attention resources （such as executive function）. Multiple Identity Tracking （MIT） is a variant of MOT, in which each object carries a unique identity. The previous studies also included both visual or auditory task and MIT task, but those studies have not examined how the visual/auditory task affects the MIT task when the two tasks shared the same properties. The current study included 3 experiments and aimed to investigate the influence of a visual or auditory task on either MOT or MIT task. The first two experiments manipulated participants’ eye movement to compare the different effects of visual task and auditory task on MOT performance. The result of experiment 1A showed that the auditory task interfered more with MOT than did the visual task when eyes were fixated at the center of the screen. However, the auditory task yielded less interference with MOT when there was no eye movement control in experiment 1B. The results indicated that the tracking processes in MOT not only occupy visual attention resources, but also occupy central attention resources （such as executive function）. The experiment 2 applied visual and auditory digit judgment task and MIT task. When the object identity （marked by a digit） was identical to the number in the digit judgment, the MIT performance was facilitated by both the visual and auditory task. It is possible that the process of digit activated the target identities （the same digits） that was stored in visual working memory during tracking.