CAJ | 학술논문

一些平常表现很好的个体为什么会在一些特定场合做出坏行为？本研究旨在检验自我控制资源对人行为的影响。实验1使用stroop任务产生自我损耗来操纵被试的自我控制水平,观察独裁者任务中的好行为（利他行为）是否受自我损耗的影响。结果表明,与无自我损耗组被试相比,自我损耗组被试表现出更少的好行为,并且明显地低于公平水平而趋向利己（坏行为）。实验2比较了自我损耗个体的公平准则启动、利己启动和无启动三种条件,观察独裁者任务中的好行为（利他行为）是否受不同启动类型的影响。实验结果发现,同样处于自我损耗状态的被试,被启动公平准则的被试与无启动和利己启动的被试相比,前者在独裁者任务中表现出更少的坏行为,表明公平启动会减少自我损耗个体的坏行为。
일사평상표현흔호적개체위십요회재일사특정장합주출배행위？본연구지재검험자아공제자원대인행위적영향。실험1사용stroop임무산생자아손모래조종피시적자아공제수평,관찰독재자임무중적호행위（이타행위）시부수자아손모적영향。결과표명,여무자아손모조피시상비,자아손모조피시표현출경소적호행위,병차명현지저우공평수평이추향이기（배행위）。실험2비교료자아손모개체적공평준칙계동、이기계동화무계동삼충조건,관찰독재자임무중적호행위（이타행위）시부수불동계동류형적영향。실험결과발현,동양처우자아손모상태적피시,피계동공평준칙적피시여무계동화이기계동적피시상비,전자재독재자임무중표현출경소적배행위,표명공평계동회감소자아손모개체적배행위。
Why do good people commit evil acts？The present study tests the evidence of ego-deletion on individuals’ altruistic behavior. Self-regulation is particularly useful for overcoming socially undesirable impulses so as to behave in ways （such as sharing to others） that are consistent with social and personal ideals. In this article, we suggest that people may overcome a natural impulse toward selfishness and self-interest when sharing with others, and, to overcome this impulse may require advanced psychological processes, such as self-control.＆amp;nbsp;According to the Theory of Limited Self-control Resource, the resource for self-control is limited. When self-control resource is over consumed, ego-depletion will be initiated, which can adversely affect the individuals’ performance in the self-regulation. Our hypothesis, therefore, is that sharing can depend on self-regulation, which refers to the capacity to alter the self and its responses to bring them in line with various standards, such as goals and ideals. Two experiments were used to examine the impact of ego-depletion on individuals’ decision making in a dictator game, and to observe what would happen to ego-depleted people if they were induced by fairness or selfishness induction. In Experiment 1, subjects were manipulated into ego-depletion or non-ego-depletion and were tested how abundant or deficient self-control resources would influence their altruistic behavior. Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the subjects’ reaction to fairness or selfishness cognition priming when they were exhausted. In addition, all the participants had the power to allocate scarce resources between themselves and others in the dictator game, which measured the altruistic level of allocators. Participants showed less altruistic behavior when they were ego-depleted than when they were not ego-depleted. This confirmed the explanatory power of Self-control Theory where controlled processes impact the subjects’ altruistic tendency. On the other hand, priming the cognition of social norms such as fairness might remit the after-effect of ego-depletion on subjects’ altruistic behavior, while the subjects who were induced by selfishness did not display difference contrast to subjects of non-cognitive priming. The implications of the findings for everyday interpersonal decisions were considered. The results from these two experiments： 1） suggested that ego-depletion made individuals more likely to act selfishly if the individuals did not have the executive resources to identify moral issues in the situation and 2） tested that priming the cognition of social norms such as fairness might remit the after-effect of ego-depletion on subjects’ altruistic behavior. Moreover, the fairness induction might not only save the self-control resources of individuals to balance gain and loss but also propel individuals to be concerned with external social fairness norms. It is worth noting that the remission of fairness priming about ego-depletion effect on altruistic behavior was limited. Remission maintained the individuals’ decision-making as a fair type of altruistic behavior. Future research on altruistic behavior using the dictator task should evaluate the effects of personal variables.