CAJ | 학술논문

动作发展是儿童早期发展的重要方面，与个体健康、认知、情绪、社会性发展都存在着重要联系。儿童早期是动作发展的敏感期，因此如何科学地评价儿童早期动作发展情况变得十分关键。通过文献分析的方法，回顾了儿童早期动作发展研究的历史，进而分析比较国内外常用的婴幼儿（0—3岁）与学龄前儿童（3—6岁）相关动作测量工具。总结多个动作测量工具的主要特征和测量方法的发展趋势，以期为我国正确运用这些工具提供参考。研究发现：1）儿童早期动作发展测试的重点由动作结果评价转向动作过程评价；2）婴幼儿时期动作测量的对象多为特殊群体，学龄前时期动作测量的对象转向普通儿童；3）目前儿童早期动作发展评价以粗大动作发展测量为主，精细动作测量工具较为少见；4）儿童早期动作发展测量出现了从综合化向专门化方向发展的趋势，测量变得更加科学。
동작발전시인동조기발전적중요방면，여개체건강、인지、정서、사회성발전도존재착중요련계。인동조기시동작발전적민감기，인차여하과학지평개인동조기동작발전정황변득십분관건。통과문헌분석적방법，회고료인동조기동작발전연구적역사，진이분석비교국내외상용적영유인（0—3세）여학령전인동（3—6세）상관동작측량공구。총결다개동작측량공구적주요특정화측량방법적발전추세，이기위아국정학운용저사공구제공삼고。연구발현：1）인동조기동작발전측시적중점유동작결과평개전향동작과정평개；2）영유인시기동작측량적대상다위특수군체，학령전시기동작측량적대상전향보통인동；3）목전인동조기동작발전평개이조대동작발전측량위주，정세동작측량공구교위소견；4）인동조기동작발전측량출현료종종합화향전문화방향발전적추세，측량변득경가과학。
Motor development, which is of great relevance to individual＇s physical fitness, cognition, emotion and sociality, is one of the most important aspects of young children＇s （0 -6 years of age） development. This age pe- riod is also sensitive to their motor development. Therefore, assessment method of their motor skills is very impor- tant. Based on literature analysis method, this paper reviewed research history on young children＇s motor develop- ment and compared the prevalent assessment tools of motor skills which used in foreign nations nowadays, in order to provide a reference for China after summarizing on main characteristics of assessment tools and method trend. The findings were as follows ： 1 ） Assessment focus of young children＇s motor development changed from movement outcome to movement process; 2 ） Assessment of infants motor development pointed to special groups and pre- school children＇s assessment pointed to normal ones; 3 ） There were many tools for assessment of children＇s gross motor development, while for assessment of children＇s fine motor development were rare; 4 ） There was a trend which showed change from generalization to specialization in assessment which made assessment become more accurate.