CAJ | 학술논문

人们在讨论存在句时，习惯于将其局限于事物类存在句，即认为存在的主体为事物。但有些存在句中的存在主体不是事物而是事件，可称之为事件类存在句。这一概念可用以描述和解释假存在句、领主属宾句、消失类隐现句以及动态存在句等。两类存在句都是由“方位名词＋动词＋名词”组成，都表示存在的意义。在事物类存在句中，句末名词表示存在主体，整个小句表示某地方存在某物。在事件类存在句中，句中动词和句末名词表示事件，后者再和句首方位名词一起，表示事件的存在。事件类存在句表现出存在性、事件性、非人称性和作格性。两类存在句形成一个连续统，二者之间的渐变性主要表现为事物性向事件性过渡，即小句中句末名词和句中动词显著性的此消彼长，以及二者的融合程度上。
인문재토론존재구시，습관우장기국한우사물류존재구，즉인위존재적주체위사물。단유사존재구중적존재주체불시사물이시사건，가칭지위사건류존재구。저일개념가용이묘술화해석가존재구、영주속빈구、소실류은현구이급동태존재구등。량류존재구도시유“방위명사＋동사＋명사”조성，도표시존재적의의。재사물류존재구중，구말명사표시존재주체，정개소구표시모지방존재모물。재사건류존재구중，구중동사화구말명사표시사건，후자재화구수방위명사일기，표시사건적존재。사건류존재구표현출존재성、사건성、비인칭성화작격성。량류존재구형성일개련속통，이자지간적점변성주요표현위사물성향사건성과도，즉소구중구말명사화구중동사현저성적차소피장，이급이자적융합정도상。
It is taken for granted in the literature that existential clauses express the existence of things rather than e- vents. We propose the term ＂event-existentials＂ to cater for those clauses whose existents are events. These include the so-called pseudo-existentials, clauses with the possessor as subject and the possessed as object, clauses express- ing disappearance, etc. Though the two types of existentials are both composed of ＂NGL ＋ VG ＋ NG＂, their struc- tures are different. In thing-existentials, the clause-final NG constitutes the existent, whose existence is expressed through the configuration of the three elements as such. In event-existentials, the VG ＋ NG expresses the event, whose existence is then asserted through its juxtaposition with the clause-initial NGL. Apart from existence, event-cx- istentials show the semantic features of eventuality, impersonality, and ergativity. The two types of existentials form a continuum, each occupying a pole, relating to the other through different degrees of thingness/eventuality, i.e. dif- ferent degrees of prominence of the clause-final NG and the clause-middle VG and of the integration of the two.