CAJ | 학술논문

1994年的财政分权和“为增长而竞争”的政治治理结构，构成了中国经济快速增长的制度安排，但同时也是导致各种社会问题的背景。2003年中央政府提出“科学发展观”，同年公众参与公共财政事务开始兴起，这都对地方政府公共支出决策产生了影响。本文采用动态DEA方法测算了1981—2008年地方政府支出效率的Malmquist指数，验证了2003年存在的拐点，并对公众参与作用进行了回归分解。Paneltobit模型的工具变量估计和反事实分析，证实了具有反馈评价机制和公开辩论的互联网参与形式优于传统媒体监督。NGO（非政府组织）直接影响政府决策有限，但通过引导民意，与公众直接参与共同对政府决策行为形成影响。研究为中国进一步的“参与式”地方公共治理改革提供了经验证据。
1994년적재정분권화“위증장이경쟁”적정치치리결구，구성료중국경제쾌속증장적제도안배，단동시야시도치각충사회문제적배경。2003년중앙정부제출“과학발전관”，동년공음삼여공공재정사무개시흥기，저도대지방정부공공지출결책산생료영향。본문채용동태DEA방법측산료1981—2008년지방정부지출효솔적Malmquist지수，험증료2003년존재적괴점，병대공음삼여작용진행료회귀분해。Paneltobit모형적공구변량고계화반사실분석，증실료구유반궤평개궤제화공개변론적호련망삼여형식우우전통매체감독。NGO（비정부조직）직접영향정부결책유한，단통과인도민의，여공음직접삼여공동대정부결책행위형성영향。연구위중국진일보적“삼여식”지방공공치리개혁제공료경험증거。
This paper begins with a review of such related theories of public participation in government behav ior of public spending and the Chinese practice as public governance theory, proposing three hypotheses. Then, this paper analyzes the impact of Internet and that of the traditional media on local government public spending based on such data as the number of Internet users or newspapers and media collected from different provinces. Thirdly, this paper compares the influence of Internet and that of NGOs on government spending efficiency, and further discusses the complementary and alternative relations among different forms of public participations. This paper adopts a new approach that is rarely seen in the previous researches. The approach can be described by three points. First, dynam ic Malmquist Index is applied to revise the accumulated multiperiod problems related to the public goods, thus find ing out the breakpoint of public spending in 2003. Second, counterfactual analysis and IV Panel Tobit are adopted to verify the different effects of different forms of public participations on public spending with a conclusion that Inter net finally makes a crucial influence on public decisionmaking through feedback and public opinion. Third, this paper observes a internal system of government performance assessment and public ing on public spending of local governments. by promoting the establishment of a civil society complementary relationship between variations of participation in terms of influence on policy mak It can be found from the cumulative efficiency scores of Malmquist Index illustrated below early 1980s,the efficiency of fiscal spending of provinces （municipalities） have relation to the public spending level and total social public goods. In maintained in a high that：（1） in the level, which might other words, less fiscal more public goods supply. （2） From 1994 to about 2003 ,fiscal expenditure efficiency of provinces presented a clear downward trend. This trend was greatly different from calculations of Zhang spending ensures （municipalities） and Chen Shih （2008）, it only calculated efficiency scores on the relatively efficient frontier of the current period, which was in comparable in terms of periods. （3） after 2003, the general fiscal expenditure efficiency saw a rapid increase, but there were differentials among the trends of East, central and west provinces. For example, efficiency scores of west provinces such as Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Shaanxi continued to decline after 2003 ; efficiency scores of central provinces such as Henan, Hubei were flat; while scores of the east provinces such as Zhejiang, Shandong were on the rise. However, there were also differentials among central provinces as we can see that the efficiency of fiscal spending in Hunan Province improved obviously more than that in Henan Province. However, this clustering effect is not entirely related to the level of economic development. Regression analysis and counterfactual analysis with Panel Tobit method verify the three hypotheses mentioned above. （1）There is a complementary relationship between decentralization and public participation which accounts for the improvement in public expenditure efficiency of local governments after 2003. （2） Public debate and public project evaluation make way for the establishment of a civil society （social capital） and bidirectional information exchanges ,with the Internet as the main channel, are an effective way of public participation. （3） The formation of general civil society is a prerequisite for social organizations such as the NGOs to play a role and NGOs and public direct engagement are complementary to each other in terms of government fiscal policymaking. Fiscal decentralization is the first step to improve government efficiency. It＇s proved by the empirical analysis that financial transparency brought about by public scrutiny, public participation and pressure of public opinions has exerted further influence upon the local government to improve the efficiency of public decisionmaking. This argu ment has been supported in the conclusion by by Bardhan（2002,2006） and Fu Yong （2010）. As it＇s pointed out （Bardhan,2006） deficiencies in the supervision system due to fiscal decentralization in developing countries led to corruption and interest groups penetrating intervention in the local government which may result in a deviation of fi nancial expenditure from the public welfare; extensive public participation may be one of the solutions to those problems.