CAJ | 학술논문

人类田野调查的特征主要有长期性、参与性和深人性。人类学田野调查通常有四大原则：客观性原则、科学性原则、系统性原则和尊重性原则。从不同的角度划分，田野调查可分为多种类型。从调查内容划分，可分为综合调查、专题调查、典型调查和个案调查四类；从是否带着理论假设划分，可分为无理论假设的调查和有理论假设的调查两类；从是否有问题取向划分，可分为无问题取向的调查和有问题取向的调查；从调查地点的数量划分，可分为一点调查和多点调查两类；从时间的角度划分，可分为历时性调查和共时性调查两类。面面俱倒的综合性调查不适合当代中国社会，带着问题调查有利于撰写高质量的调查报告，带着理论假设调查有利于检验理论、修正理论或创建新理论，多点调查有利于归纳理论或法则。
인류전야조사적특정주요유장기성、삼여성화심인성。인류학전야조사통상유사대원칙：객관성원칙、과학성원칙、계통성원칙화존중성원칙。종불동적각도화분，전야조사가분위다충류형。종조사내용화분，가분위종합조사、전제조사、전형조사화개안조사사류；종시부대착이론가설화분，가분위무이론가설적조사화유이론가설적조사량류；종시부유문제취향화분，가분위무문제취향적조사화유문제취향적조사；종조사지점적수량화분，가분위일점조사화다점조사량류；종시간적각도화분，가분위력시성조사화공시성조사량류。면면구도적종합성조사불괄합당대중국사회，대착문제조사유리우찬사고질량적조사보고，대착이론가설조사유리우검험이론、수정이론혹창건신이론，다점조사유리우귀납이론혹법칙。
The characteristics of cultural anthropology are participation, profundity and long period. Its principles are objectivity, scien- tificity, systematicness and respect. Its types include the comprehensive, the specific, the typical and the case study; it also includes the investigation with a theoretical hypothesis or without, the one with some problems or without, the one focusing on one place or sev- eral places, the diachronic or the synchronic. The all - inclusive type is not suitable in China. The one with some problems can help produce high -quality investigation reports, the one with a theoretical hypothesis can help improve some theories, while the multi - spot investigation can help theoretical summary.