CAJ | 학술논문

直接调查模式是直接面对单语者调查发音人的母语，间接调查模式是借助双语者（包括多语者）调查发音人的母语。随着全球化趋势的增加，语言接触越来越深入，田野调查中直接调查模式越来越难以实现，获得一种单纯的语言内在系统越来越困难。不同的调查者在同一个调查点所得到的调查结果常常不一样，其中一个主要因素就是所选择的发音人不一样。多年的跟踪调查显示，导致语言调查结果产生最大区别的是单语发音人和双语发音人的区别。要对语言系统的固有特性和语言接触的机制做充分的调查，必须要区分单语者的母语和双语者的母语。语言接触的大趋势使单语者比例越来越少，濒危语言研究需要充分关注这一独特的流失现象，利用现有的单语者尽快展开直接调查，尽可能多地记录民族语言的内在结构系统。
직접조사모식시직접면대단어자조사발음인적모어，간접조사모식시차조쌍어자（포괄다어자）조사발음인적모어。수착전구화추세적증가，어언접촉월래월심입，전야조사중직접조사모식월래월난이실현，획득일충단순적어언내재계통월래월곤난。불동적조사자재동일개조사점소득도적조사결과상상불일양，기중일개주요인소취시소선택적발음인불일양。다년적근종조사현시，도치어언조사결과산생최대구별적시단어발음인화쌍어발음인적구별。요대어언계통적고유특성화어언접촉적궤제주충분적조사，필수요구분단어자적모어화쌍어자적모어。어언접촉적대추세사단어자비례월래월소，빈위어언연구수요충분관주저일독특적류실현상，이용현유적단어자진쾌전개직접조사，진가능다지기록민족어언적내재결구계통。
The immediate model of investigation and the mediate model of investigation： a distinct difference between the immediate model of investigation is to investigate the monolingual directly. The mediate model of investigation is to investigate a native language through the bilingual （including the muhilingual）. Due to the rapid globalization, there is more extensive language contact, and the application of the immediate model of investigation faces more and more challenges. One of the main reasons that different investigators usually get different investigation results at one place comes from different informants. Our follow - up survey of many years shows that it is the difference between the monolingual informant and the bilingual informant that results in the major differences of investigation. If we want to investigate the innate features of a language and the mechanism of language contact sufficiently, we must tell the mother tongue of the monolingual from that of the bilingual. The monolingual become fewer and fewer due to the tendency of more frequent lan- guage contact. Scholars researching on endangered languages must pay much attention to this special situation. We should investigate monolinguals as soon as possible and record the innate language features as much as we can.