CAJ | 학술논문

群众运动是中共在革命战争年代形成的一种非常规政治手段,由于它具有常规行政手段所难以比拟的优越性,在新中国成立后的很长一段时间里仍然作为一种便捷有效的动员和治理工具被广泛使用。中共群众运动的基本特征,主要体现在广大乡村民众的动员型政治参与、国家力量对乡村社会的直接介入、以及阶级划分和阶级斗争。接连不断的群众运动可以帮助党和国家在短时间内有效地动员乡村民众、实现乡村治理,但这种动员和治理的成果却难以制度化、常规化,而只能以接连不断的新运动来维系,从而在社会变革的动力与社会运行的常态之间,形成了难以消解的矛盾。
군음운동시중공재혁명전쟁년대형성적일충비상규정치수단,유우타구유상규행정수단소난이비의적우월성,재신중국성립후적흔장일단시간리잉연작위일충편첩유효적동원화치리공구피엄범사용。중공군음운동적기본특정,주요체현재엄대향촌민음적동원형정치삼여、국가역량대향촌사회적직접개입、이급계급화분화계급두쟁。접련불단적군음운동가이방조당화국가재단시간내유효지동원향촌민음、실현향촌치리,단저충동원화치리적성과각난이제도화、상규화,이지능이접련불단적신운동래유계,종이재사회변혁적동력여사회운행적상태지간,형성료난이소해적모순。
Successive mass movements spread like wild fire across China＇s urban and rural areas after the founding of the People＇s Republic, setting the tone for the nation＇s domestic politics until late 1970s. The mass movements of the CCP were characterized in mobilized political participation of the rural populace, direct intervention of the party-state in rural society, and ubiquitous class division and class struggle. Taking advantage of mass movements, the party-state was capable of mobilizing the masses and realizing rural governance more effectively and more quickly, which, however, was difficult to be routinized or institutionalized. Conflicts naturally arose between the dynamics of social transformation and the normality of social operation since mass movements weakened the functions of the routine administration and increased the costs of governance.