CAJ | 학술논문

太和十六年，北魏国家开始实行开国爵。开国爵是可以领有食邑的实封爵。北魏国家为实封爵的封授规定了明确的标准，并且确立了爵位封授的程序。封授开国爵需要有吏部尚书对受封者的官品和功劳进行审核，然后，由尚书令向朝廷举荐应该受爵者。开国爵封授的最后确定，是由皇帝以诏令的方式认定的。这也就使开国爵的封授具有了合法性。北魏国家还可以依据功劳对亡故官员追封开国爵。追封的开国爵与正常封授的开国爵，是完全相同的爵位。由于开国爵的封授需要依据官员所立的功劳，因而，在开国爵的封授上出现了叠授。北魏国家叠授开国爵，就使有功官员能够获得两个以上的爵位。北魏国家对有散爵者，也能够叠授开国爵。因为叠授的实行，就使通过封授开国爵赏赐功劳的意义得到更充分的体现。
태화십륙년，북위국가개시실행개국작。개국작시가이령유식읍적실봉작。북위국가위실봉작적봉수규정료명학적표준，병차학립료작위봉수적정서。봉수개국작수요유리부상서대수봉자적관품화공로진행심핵，연후，유상서령향조정거천응해수작자。개국작봉수적최후학정，시유황제이조령적방식인정적。저야취사개국작적봉수구유료합법성。북위국가환가이의거공로대망고관원추봉개국작。추봉적개국작여정상봉수적개국작，시완전상동적작위。유우개국작적봉수수요의거관원소립적공로，인이，재개국작적봉수상출현료첩수。북위국가첩수개국작，취사유공관원능구획득량개이상적작위。북위국가대유산작자，야능구첩수개국작。인위첩수적실행，취사통과봉수개국작상사공로적의의득도경충분적체현。
In the 492 or the sixteen year in Tai - he, Northern Wei Dynasty initiated the system of confering thefounding peerage. The founding peerage was a noble rank that could possess manor and the government had provided a clear standard and procedure for its conferment. Firstly, the minister of Official Personnel Affairs verified the of-fieial rank and the contribution of the one who would be confered before recommending him to the imperial court.Then, the emperor confirmed the title in the form of imperial edict by which the conferment was legitimized. Besidesthe government could also grant the late afficicials posthumous titles which were identical to those with the normalconferment according to their credit. Because of the credit standards, the conferment of the title could be repeated.As a result, some officials could possess more than two titles. In addition, the officials with honored title （could also possess the founding title in Northern Wei. Because of the implementation of the multi - title conferment,the significance of awarding meritorious service through the conferment of the founding peerage got fully embodied.