CAJ | 학술논문

生态产品是指维持生命支持系统、保障生态调节功能、提供环境舒适性的自然要素。物质产品、文化产品和生态产品是支撑现代人类生存和发展的三类产品。生态产品的生产是一种专业性的社会生产活动，要充分认识到生态要素本身所具有的价值以及为了生产生态产品所必需的投入。生态产品可以具体分为全国性、区域或流域性、社区性公共生态产晶和“私人”生态产品。生态产品的市场化供给方式主要包括：①赢接市场的经济交易。通过生态产品的产权界定，可以将其转变成私人产品，并通过直接市场的经济交易实现供给，例如碳排放权交易、瓣污权交易、水权交易、林权交易等。②生态资本产业化经营。生态产品是一种能够带来经济和社会效益的生态资源．即是一种生态资本。尤其是能够提供环境舒适性的自然生态系统。生态资本产驻化经营是实现生态产品价值的现实手段，合同外包和特许经营等都是一种常用的产业化经营方式。③生态购买。是指政府部门与市场主体签订合同或协议后。由后者生产某方面的生态产品，政府来负责监督合同的履行。并向后者支付费用，它是通过政府购买的形式购买市场主体生产的生态产品。为了保障生态产品市场化供给的有效运行，政府应完善与其相对应的法律体系和制度安排，具体包括：明确生态产权并降低交易费用；合理构建各相关主体的利益关系；建立各个层次的生态产品市场交易体系；对生态产品的市场供给进行有效监督等。
생태산품시지유지생명지지계통、보장생태조절공능、제공배경서괄성적자연요소。물질산품、문화산품화생태산품시지탱현대인류생존화발전적삼류산품。생태산품적생산시일충전업성적사회생산활동，요충분인식도생태요소본신소구유적개치이급위료생산생태산품소필수적투입。생태산품가이구체분위전국성、구역혹류역성、사구성공공생태산정화“사인”생태산품。생태산품적시장화공급방식주요포괄：①영접시장적경제교역。통과생태산품적산권계정，가이장기전변성사인산품，병통과직접시장적경제교역실현공급，례여탄배방권교역、판오권교역、수권교역、림권교역등。②생태자본산업화경영。생태산품시일충능구대래경제화사회효익적생태자원．즉시일충생태자본。우기시능구제공배경서괄성적자연생태계통。생태자본산주화경영시실현생태산품개치적현실수단，합동외포화특허경영등도시일충상용적산업화경영방식。③생태구매。시지정부부문여시장주체첨정합동혹협의후。유후자생산모방면적생태산품，정부래부책감독합동적리행。병향후자지부비용，타시통과정부구매적형식구매시장주체생산적생태산품。위료보장생태산품시장화공급적유효운행，정부응완선여기상대응적법률체계화제도안배，구체포괄：명학생태산권병강저교역비용；합리구건각상관주체적이익관계；건립각개층차적생태산품시장교역체계；대생태산품적시장공급진행유효감독등。
Ecological products are natural elements that can sustain life-supporting systems, guarantee ecological regulating function and provide comfortable environment. Material products, culture products and ecological products are three types of products supporting modern human life. Eco-produets＇ production is a professional and social production activity, requires fully understanding the value of ecological element itself and the necessary inputs to produce it. Ecological products can be divided into national, regional or basin, community-based public ecological products and ＂private＂ ecological products. Ecological products＇ market supply methods mainly include ：（ 1 ） Direct marketing economic transactions. Through definition of ecological products＇ property rights, ecological products can be transformed into private goods, and realize supplies through direct marketing economic transactions, such as carbon emissions trading, emissions trading, water right trading, forest rights trading and so on. （2） Ecological capital industrial operation. Ecological product is a kind of ecological resources that can bring economic and social benefits, that is, a kind of ecological capital, especially for natural ecosystem that can provide comfortable environment. Ecological capital industrialized operation is a practical way to realize the ecological value of ecological product. Outsourcing and franchising contracts are common ways of industrial management. （3） Ecological purchase. It refers to government department signs a contract or agreement with one market body; the latter produces ecological products in certain areas, while the government supervises the performance of the contract implementation, and pay to the latter （contractor）. It is a form to buy ecological products produced by the market body through government procurement. In order to ensure the effective operation of ecological products＇ marketing supply, the government should equip and improve corresponding legal system and institutional arrangement, including： clear definition of ecological property and reduction transaction cost, building reasonable relationship among all parties and relevant subjects, establishing various level of ecological products＇ market trading system, and supervision of ecological products supply market effectively and so on.