中南大学学报：社会科学版
中南大學學報：社會科學版
중남대학학보：사회과학판
Journal of Central South Huiversity: Social Science
2014年
3期
58~62
,共null页
埃里希·弗洛姆 以赛亚·伯林 消极自由 积极自由 自由主义 西方马克思主义哲学
埃裏希·弗洛姆 以賽亞·伯林 消極自由 積極自由 自由主義 西方馬剋思主義哲學
애리희·불락모 이새아·백림 소겁자유 적겁자유 자유주의 서방마극사주의철학
Erich Fromm;Isaiah Berlin;negative liberty;positive liberty;liberalism;western Marxist philosophy
弗洛姆对“积极自由”与“消极自由”的区分，具有着重要的伦理与政治意义。其自由概念的实质是通过人的本质力量的发展来反对外在权威，提倡通过人自身发展与社会条件的改善实现真正的自由，孜孜以求人的自由发展。伯林的自由概念的实质则是阻止权威的入侵，摆脱任何形式的束缚，体现对最低限度的个人自由不可侵犯的神圣信仰。伯林在《自由论》中对弗洛姆的“积极自由”进行了批判，他认为“积极自由”最终会走向自由的反面，导致人自由的丧失，而只有“消极自由”才能确保人的自由和权利。弗洛姆从人的发展与潜能实现的角度认为，“积极自由”在逻辑上已包含了“消极自由”，“消极自由”是实现“积极自由”的必要条件，但只有“积极自由”才能保障人之自由的全面实现。这是弗洛姆对伯林等西方自由主义的最好回应。弗洛姆的“积极自由”更符合人的本性，更能代表人类发展的趋势和要求。
弗洛姆對“積極自由”與“消極自由”的區分，具有著重要的倫理與政治意義。其自由概唸的實質是通過人的本質力量的髮展來反對外在權威，提倡通過人自身髮展與社會條件的改善實現真正的自由，孜孜以求人的自由髮展。伯林的自由概唸的實質則是阻止權威的入侵，襬脫任何形式的束縳，體現對最低限度的箇人自由不可侵犯的神聖信仰。伯林在《自由論》中對弗洛姆的“積極自由”進行瞭批判，他認為“積極自由”最終會走嚮自由的反麵，導緻人自由的喪失，而隻有“消極自由”纔能確保人的自由和權利。弗洛姆從人的髮展與潛能實現的角度認為，“積極自由”在邏輯上已包含瞭“消極自由”，“消極自由”是實現“積極自由”的必要條件，但隻有“積極自由”纔能保障人之自由的全麵實現。這是弗洛姆對伯林等西方自由主義的最好迴應。弗洛姆的“積極自由”更符閤人的本性，更能代錶人類髮展的趨勢和要求。
불락모대“적겁자유”여“소겁자유”적구분，구유착중요적윤리여정치의의。기자유개념적실질시통과인적본질역량적발전래반대외재권위，제창통과인자신발전여사회조건적개선실현진정적자유，자자이구인적자유발전。백림적자유개념적실질칙시조지권위적입침，파탈임하형식적속박，체현대최저한도적개인자유불가침범적신골신앙。백림재《자유론》중대불락모적“적겁자유”진행료비판，타인위“적겁자유”최종회주향자유적반면，도치인자유적상실，이지유“소겁자유”재능학보인적자유화권리。불락모종인적발전여잠능실현적각도인위，“적겁자유”재라집상이포함료“소겁자유”，“소겁자유”시실현“적겁자유”적필요조건，단지유“적겁자유”재능보장인지자유적전면실현。저시불락모대백림등서방자유주의적최호회응。불락모적“적겁자유”경부합인적본성，경능대표인류발전적추세화요구。
Erich Fromm made a distinction between “positive liberty” and “negative liberty”, which had important ethical and political significance. The essence of Fromm’s view of liberty was against external authority through the development of human’s essential power. Fromm diligently sought human’s liberty and development, and he advocated that true liberty could be realized through human development and the improvement of social conditions. The essence of Isaiah Berlin’s view of liberty was to prevent the authority intrusion, to get rid of any form of bondage, which reflects Isaiah Berlin’s holy faith in the minimum individual liberty inviolable. In his book of Liberty, Isaiah Berlin also proposed two concepts of liberty and held that “positive liberty” put forward by Erich Fromm would lead to the opposite of liberty and bring about the loss of liberty, and he thought only “negative liberty” could ensure human’ s liberty and rights. With the perspective of human development and potential fulfillment, Fromm thought ＆quot;positive liberty” contained “negative liberty” logically, and “negative liberty” was a necessity of achieving “positive liberty”. However, only“positive liberty”could guarantee the full realization of human liberty. This is Fromm’s best response to Berlin and other western liberal’s critique. Positive liberty is human nature, so it represents the trend and demand of human development.
