CAJ | 학술논문

本文首次从国际移民的涵化理论视角对农民工的社会认同方式及决定因素进行探讨，通过对上海市农民工抽样调查数据的实证分析发现，农民工作为国家内部城乡移民的重要组成部分，其社会认同存在以户籍为基础的制度性约束和以资源匮乏为特征的能动性限制。农民工社会认同主要受文化态度、社会交往、经济成功和社会环境四类变量的影响，农民工的个体人口统计特征也会影响城市认同的意愿。当地语言的熟练程度、与当地人交朋友的意愿（而非与外省市的农民工交朋友）、类似群体的收入地位水平、感知到的社会歧视程度和参与保险的程度都成为重要的决定因素。因此，公共政策的制定与执行应该要有助于农民工的心理层面的社会认同的转变，尤其是从“外地人”向“本地人”的认知转型。
본문수차종국제이민적함화이론시각대농민공적사회인동방식급결정인소진행탐토，통과대상해시농민공추양조사수거적실증분석발현，농민공작위국가내부성향이민적중요조성부분，기사회인동존재이호적위기출적제도성약속화이자원궤핍위특정적능동성한제。농민공사회인동주요수문화태도、사회교왕、경제성공화사회배경사류변량적영향，농민공적개체인구통계특정야회영향성시인동적의원。당지어언적숙련정도、여당지인교붕우적의원（이비여외성시적농민공교붕우）、유사군체적수입지위수평、감지도적사회기시정도화삼여보험적정도도성위중요적결정인소。인차，공공정책적제정여집행응해요유조우농민공적심리층면적사회인동적전변，우기시종“외지인”향“본지인”적인지전형。
Based on a representative questionnaire survey among migrant workers in Shanghai, and employing acculturation and identity formation theories, this article examines the determinant factors which affect migrant workers＇ social identity. The research finds out that the huge rural-urban gap has endowed migrant workers an ambiguous identity in which they physically live in city but mentally are identified with the country, and more importantly, their institutional welfares are confined to the country. The ambiguity of their social identity is attributed to both the institutional hurdle of the hukou （household registration） system and constrained agency caused by scare resources. At a more concrete level, this research suggests that five important factors have contributed to the formation of their social identity; proficiency in local language, willingness to make friends with local people （but not other migrant workers from other provinces）, income level compared to peers, perceived social acceptance, and access to social insurances. Being positive for all five factors will make a migrant worker more identified with the city rather his/her rural origin. Meanwhile, migrant workers＇ demographic features such as education, migrating time and occupation also influence their social identities. Overall, the authors suggest that public policies should be helpful in terms of the transformation of migrant workers＇ social identity, particularly their perception changing from ＂being an outsider＂ to ＂being a local＂.