CAJ | 학술논문

本文借助新近出土的楚简文字资料对中国先秦诗歌特点及其进程进行了探讨。在楚简文字中，诗、歌二字有“[口寺]”“诗”‘哥（可）”“[言哥]（诃）”等多种形体，它证明中国早期诗歌的确经历过一个由歌唱（“永言”“长言之”）的“[口寺]”“哥（可）”到“直言”的“诗”“诃（[言哥]）”的过程；楚简文字中“[口寺]”“诗”“哥（可）”“[言哥]（诃）”诸字共存并用，又说明战国时期的文学艺术正处于一个由诗、乐一体，走向诗、乐分离或独立的过渡阶段；“性”“情”“志”概念的内涵不仅有思想逻辑的一致，还有其文字形义学上“其实一也”的原因。《尚书．尧典》“诗言志”说演变为《诗大序》“吟咏情性”之说的文字学原因，既在于“志”“性”（包括“情”）二字在字源学上的形近致混；而《诗纬含神雾》“诗者，持也，持人情性”之“持”字，原本当写作“峙”，是一个表示早期诗歌“永言”或“长言之”特点的文字，与所谓“持人情性，使不失坠”的道德诗教无关。
본문차조신근출토적초간문자자료대중국선진시가특점급기진정진행료탐토。재초간문자중，시、가이자유“[구사]”“시”‘가（가）”“[언가]（가）”등다충형체，타증명중국조기시가적학경력과일개유가창（“영언”“장언지”）적“[구사]”“가（가）”도“직언”적“시”“가（[언가]）”적과정；초간문자중“[구사]”“시”“가（가）”“[언가]（가）”제자공존병용，우설명전국시기적문학예술정처우일개유시、악일체，주향시、악분리혹독립적과도계단；“성”“정”“지”개념적내함불부유사상라집적일치，환유기문자형의학상“기실일야”적원인。《상서．요전》“시언지”설연변위《시대서》“음영정성”지설적문자학원인，기재우“지”“성”（포괄“정”）이자재자원학상적형근치혼；이《시위함신무》“시자，지야，지인정성”지“지”자，원본당사작“치”，시일개표시조기시가“영언”혹“장언지”특점적문자，여소위“지인정성，사불실추”적도덕시교무관。
Among the characters of Bamboo Slips of Chu, the two characters ＂shi＂ and ＂ge＂ had various forms. It proved that Chinese poetry in its early age had gone through an evolution from being sung to being spoken directly. The co-existence and simultaneous utilization of different characters related to ＂shi＂ and ＂ge＂ testified that the literature and arts of Warring States period had been in the transition stage from the combination of poem and music to the separation or relative independence of them. The philological reason of the evolution from＂Poetry of Expression of Ambitions＂ of Yao Classic to ＂Expression of Human Nature＂ of Preface to Poetry, lay in the characters ＂zhi＂ and ＂xing＂ with similar form in etymology. The character＂chi＂ in the statement ＂poetry means to keep, to keep human nature＂ of Shi-wei was used to show the feature of long speech in the early age of Chinese poetry, and had nothing to do with moral education of poetry.