中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2014年
8期
149~155
,共null页
海岛型旅游目的地 生态补偿标准 渔家乐旅游 生态足迹成分法 长岛县
海島型旅遊目的地 生態補償標準 漁傢樂旅遊 生態足跡成分法 長島縣
해도형여유목적지 생태보상표준 어가악여유 생태족적성분법 장도현
island tourist destination; ecological compensation standard; fishery household tourism; component method of ecological footprint ; Changdao County
生态补偿标准是生态补偿研究的核心问题，但目前有关旅游生态补偿的研究成果较少。本文以旅游生态补偿相关理论（交通、住宿、餐饮、游览、娱乐、购物和废弃物等旅游过程。对旅游目的地及其外部区域的生态系统服务产生负外部性影响）为基础，运用生态足迹成分法（自下而上方法），构建了5类（渔家乐旅游）生态足迹模型，以此为基础，确立了（渔家乐旅游）生态补偿标准评价模型；并以山东省长岛县渔家乐为案例，以2011年为评价基准年份，进行了海岛型旅游目的地生态补偿标准研究。结果表明：①长岛县渔家乐每位游客每天的生态足迹为0．008676hm2，每位游客每天需承担的生态补偿标准为15．97元，其中承担养殖海域的生态补偿标准为10．53元：②13个村渔家乐游客对海产品的消耗量均较大，各村生态足迹（水域）占总生态足迹的比例最低值为5707％，各村渔家乐每位游客每天承担养殖海域的生态补偿标准最低值为5．02元；③北长山乡的店予村等4个村和南长山镇的黑石嘴村等3个村渔家乐的户均生态足迹较大，其每位游客每天承担的生态补偿标准额度也较大；④非山东游客比例、散客游客比例、停留2天及以上游客比例、电话或网络预定游客比例和每位游客每天给渔家乐带来的收入等。是渔家乐旅游生态补偿标准的主要影响因素。研究提出：养殖海域是优先考虑的生态补偿对象；依据渔家乐的不同收费标准，有差异的向游客征收生态补偿费用．将其用于养殖海域生态环境的治理和恢复。
生態補償標準是生態補償研究的覈心問題，但目前有關旅遊生態補償的研究成果較少。本文以旅遊生態補償相關理論（交通、住宿、餐飲、遊覽、娛樂、購物和廢棄物等旅遊過程。對旅遊目的地及其外部區域的生態繫統服務產生負外部性影響）為基礎，運用生態足跡成分法（自下而上方法），構建瞭5類（漁傢樂旅遊）生態足跡模型，以此為基礎，確立瞭（漁傢樂旅遊）生態補償標準評價模型；併以山東省長島縣漁傢樂為案例，以2011年為評價基準年份，進行瞭海島型旅遊目的地生態補償標準研究。結果錶明：①長島縣漁傢樂每位遊客每天的生態足跡為0．008676hm2，每位遊客每天需承擔的生態補償標準為15．97元，其中承擔養殖海域的生態補償標準為10．53元：②13箇村漁傢樂遊客對海產品的消耗量均較大，各村生態足跡（水域）佔總生態足跡的比例最低值為5707％，各村漁傢樂每位遊客每天承擔養殖海域的生態補償標準最低值為5．02元；③北長山鄉的店予村等4箇村和南長山鎮的黑石嘴村等3箇村漁傢樂的戶均生態足跡較大，其每位遊客每天承擔的生態補償標準額度也較大；④非山東遊客比例、散客遊客比例、停留2天及以上遊客比例、電話或網絡預定遊客比例和每位遊客每天給漁傢樂帶來的收入等。是漁傢樂旅遊生態補償標準的主要影響因素。研究提齣：養殖海域是優先攷慮的生態補償對象；依據漁傢樂的不同收費標準，有差異的嚮遊客徵收生態補償費用．將其用于養殖海域生態環境的治理和恢複。
생태보상표준시생태보상연구적핵심문제，단목전유관여유생태보상적연구성과교소。본문이여유생태보상상관이론（교통、주숙、찬음、유람、오악、구물화폐기물등여유과정。대여유목적지급기외부구역적생태계통복무산생부외부성영향）위기출，운용생태족적성분법（자하이상방법），구건료5류（어가악여유）생태족적모형，이차위기출，학립료（어가악여유）생태보상표준평개모형；병이산동성장도현어가악위안례，이2011년위평개기준년빈，진행료해도형여유목적지생태보상표준연구。결과표명：①장도현어가악매위유객매천적생태족적위0．008676hm2，매위유객매천수승담적생태보상표준위15．97원，기중승담양식해역적생태보상표준위10．53원：②13개촌어가악유객대해산품적소모량균교대，각촌생태족적（수역）점총생태족적적비례최저치위5707％，각촌어가악매위유객매천승담양식해역적생태보상표준최저치위5．02원；③북장산향적점여촌등4개촌화남장산진적흑석취촌등3개촌어가악적호균생태족적교대，기매위유객매천승담적생태보상표준액도야교대；④비산동유객비례、산객유객비례、정류2천급이상유객비례、전화혹망락예정유객비례화매위유객매천급어가악대래적수입등。시어가악여유생태보상표준적주요영향인소。연구제출：양식해역시우선고필적생태보상대상；의거어가악적불동수비표준，유차이적향유객정수생태보상비용．장기용우양식해역생태배경적치리화회복。
The determination of ecological compensation standard （ECS） is a key problem in the research of ecological compensation. But now the research of tourism ecological compensation was rarely related. Based on the related theories of tourism ecological compensation （ the tourism processes including transportation, accommodation, catering, activities, entertainment, shopping and tourism waste which would produce negative external effects on the ecological services of the tourist destination and its outer area）. Five types of ecological footprint （EF） models of fishery household tourism （FHT） were constructed by using component method （or bottom up）. And then the FHT＇ s evaluation models of ECS were established. Finally, ECS of island tourist destination was calculated based on case of FHT of Changdao County in the base year 2011. The result reveals that： （1）The FHT＇ s EF in Changdao County is 0. 008 676 hm2 per tourist per day. One tourist undertook 15.97 RMB of ECS pe.r day. The aquaculture sea area＇ s ECS of them was 10. 53 RMB. （2） Seafood was consumed very much by FHT in 13 villages of Changdao County and the lowest EF of seafood consumption is 57.07% of the total EF. Tourists of the villages undertook the lowest ECS is 5.02 RMB per tourist per day. （3）The average household of IFHT＇ s EF was large relatively in 4 villages （ such as Dianzi Village） of Beichangshan Township and 3 villages （ such as Heishizhui Village） of Nanchangshan Town. Tourists of these villages undertook more ECS than others per tourist per day. （4）The main influence factors on FHT of the ECS,were the proportion of non Shandong tourists, independent tourists, two-day stay or longer stay, booking via phone or online, and net income from FHT per tourist per day. The study shewed that the aquaculture sea area was the priority of the ecological compensation object. Tourists were imposed the difference of ecological compensation fees according to different charging standards of FHT. Fees were used to the ecological environment control and restoration of aquaculture sea area.
