南洋问题研究
南洋問題研究
남양문제연구
Southeast Asian Affairs
2014年
2期
46~55
,共null页
印（尼）马对抗 美国 英国 冷战 非殖民化
印（尼）馬對抗 美國 英國 冷戰 非殖民化
인（니）마대항 미국 영국 랭전 비식민화
Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, USA, UK, decolonization
印（尼）马对抗问题背后所体现的美国冷战政策与英国非殖民化政策，是影响战后东南亚政治发展的两大要因。美国为防止印尼倒向共产主义阵营，防止印支问题复杂化，极力回避美英特殊关系及《澳新美安全条约》所要求的军事援助义务，力主对苏加诺奉行和缓政策。而英国为维持既得利益，防止澳新偏离英联邦外交轨道，一方面通过《英马防务与互助协定》、《澳新马防务协定》加强对印尼军事防御，另一方面则力图联合美国共同承担战争责任，压制苏加诺接受马来西亚联邦。为此，美英两国在对印尼政策上不断采取外交协调，但在印尼九·三。事件发生前美英关系中的矛盾性始终无法调和，为此美国又联合日本共同实施对印尼援助政策，由此逐步降低英国在东南亚政治发展中的影响力。印（尼）马对抗时期美英的外交矛盾与协调在一定程度上反映出亚洲冷战发展中大国政治关系的分化与重组。
印（尼）馬對抗問題揹後所體現的美國冷戰政策與英國非殖民化政策，是影響戰後東南亞政治髮展的兩大要因。美國為防止印尼倒嚮共產主義陣營，防止印支問題複雜化，極力迴避美英特殊關繫及《澳新美安全條約》所要求的軍事援助義務，力主對囌加諾奉行和緩政策。而英國為維持既得利益，防止澳新偏離英聯邦外交軌道，一方麵通過《英馬防務與互助協定》、《澳新馬防務協定》加彊對印尼軍事防禦，另一方麵則力圖聯閤美國共同承擔戰爭責任，壓製囌加諾接受馬來西亞聯邦。為此，美英兩國在對印尼政策上不斷採取外交協調，但在印尼九·三。事件髮生前美英關繫中的矛盾性始終無法調和，為此美國又聯閤日本共同實施對印尼援助政策，由此逐步降低英國在東南亞政治髮展中的影響力。印（尼）馬對抗時期美英的外交矛盾與協調在一定程度上反映齣亞洲冷戰髮展中大國政治關繫的分化與重組。
인（니）마대항문제배후소체현적미국랭전정책여영국비식민화정책，시영향전후동남아정치발전적량대요인。미국위방지인니도향공산주의진영，방지인지문제복잡화，겁력회피미영특수관계급《오신미안전조약》소요구적군사원조의무，력주대소가낙봉행화완정책。이영국위유지기득이익，방지오신편리영련방외교궤도，일방면통과《영마방무여호조협정》、《오신마방무협정》가강대인니군사방어，령일방면칙력도연합미국공동승담전쟁책임，압제소가낙접수마래서아련방。위차，미영량국재대인니정책상불단채취외교협조，단재인니구·삼。사건발생전미영관계중적모순성시종무법조화，위차미국우연합일본공동실시대인니원조정책，유차축보강저영국재동남아정치발전중적영향력。인（니）마대항시기미영적외교모순여협조재일정정도상반영출아주랭전발전중대국정치관계적분화여중조。
In 1963, Indonesia launched military confrontation against Malaysia to curb the formation of Malaysia Federation initiated by UK, and as a result a number of big powers were involved. In order to prevent Indonesia from joining the communist camp and avoid the ANZUS constraints, the Johnson Administration decided to continue its aid policy towards Indonesia while appealing to resolve the confrontation by Asian countries concerned. UK, Australia and New Zealand, nevertheless, strongly promoted the formation of Malaysia as a new country, and opposed Indonesia＇ s confrontation policy, aiming at maintaining the stability of Southwest Pacific. Japan on the other hand put up with the coordination plan in the hope to restore the regional peace and market stability. US foreign policies of cold war and UK decolonization policies were the two important factors in the Southeast Asian political development after World War II. Respective character and in- terest orientation about the two factors were very different, so US and UK Foreign Policies for Indonesia were always in the state of coordination during the period of Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation. Difference and common points of US cold war and UK decolonization foreign Policies for Indonesia reflected the nature of Asian cold war, and Japan with the support of US played a more and more important role in Southeast Asia.
