CAJ | 학술논문

幸福的概念无论从理论范畴还是从实际应用方面均需得到进一步明晰。为此，本文基于效用论的历史演变和最新进展，探讨了幸福的内涵、性质与决定因素。研究发现，效用内涵可被区分为决策效用与体验效用两个方面，其中前者对应于新古典经济学强调的效用的欲求含义，而后者为古典经济学偏重的效用的快乐含义。据此本文进一步提出，幸福应是体验效用的一个子集，它指个体从实际结果与可接受结果的差异中获取的满足感。这一定义意味着幸福更受结果的相对变化的影响，而对结果的绝对水平不敏感，这可作为构造幸福函数的基本原则，从而避免在选取幸福的解释变量时出现泛化倾向。其政策启示是，当政府将提升居民幸福纳入施政目标时，政策设计的依据不应局限于各种效果指标的绝对值，还应重视这些指标的相对变化，否则将会导致居民的“被幸福”。
행복적개념무론종이론범주환시종실제응용방면균수득도진일보명석。위차，본문기우효용론적역사연변화최신진전，탐토료행복적내함、성질여결정인소。연구발현，효용내함가피구분위결책효용여체험효용량개방면，기중전자대응우신고전경제학강조적효용적욕구함의，이후자위고전경제학편중적효용적쾌악함의。거차본문진일보제출，행복응시체험효용적일개자집，타지개체종실제결과여가접수결과적차이중획취적만족감。저일정의의미착행복경수결과적상대변화적영향，이대결과적절대수평불민감，저가작위구조행복함수적기본원칙，종이피면재선취행복적해석변량시출현범화경향。기정책계시시，당정부장제승거민행복납입시정목표시，정책설계적의거불응국한우각충효과지표적절대치，환응중시저사지표적상대변화，부칙장회도치거민적“피행복”。
The concept of happiness should be clarified both from the theoretical level and the application level. This paper discusses the definition, characteristics and determinants of happiness based on the history and development of utility theory. We find that the connotation of utility can be classified as decision utility and experienced utility. Decision utility reflects the meaning of desire of the new classical utility, while experienced utility reflects the meaning of pleasure of the classical utility. We argue that happiness can be seen as a subset of experienced utility and can be defined as the satisfaction induced by the contrast between actual outcome and acceptable outcome. This definition means that happiness may be determined by the relative changes of outcome rather than the absolute level of outcome. This can be seen as the basic feature of happiness function which can help us choosing the explanatory variables more appropriately. The policy implication is that if government wants to improve the total happiness of people, the policy design should focus on relative variables rather than absolute variables, otherwise people may be assumed to be happy.