CAJ | 학술논문

快速的城市化过程对一些地区的中小学规模产生了强烈的扩张效应,这给城乡义务教育班级与学校规模的合理调整带来严峻挑战。中国义务教育城市化有两个显著特征：一是一些人口大省的小学城市化水平低于城市总体的城市化水平;二是初中城市化水平不仅明显高于小学而且大大超越城市总体城市化水平。受人口自然增长放缓、农村人口迁移流向不确定、城市化水平的区域发展不平衡及隐性城市化人口激增等因素影响,中国的义务教育在学校数量和规模方面呈现总量基本合理、城乡差异化发展、隐性生源压力日增、一些地方大班额问题突出等特征。解决上述问题的思路是：把农村和城镇作为两个向度,在数量和规模间寻找不同的平衡点;保持教育城市化水平与区域总体城市化水平的协调一致;善于利用小班额预存的人数弹性空间,以应对流动人口流向的不确定性;对城市化进程较快的人口大省和中心城市周边地区的人口流向实施科学监测,并建立有效控制班级和学校规模的预警机制;提高义务教育统筹协调层次,保证各级政府在实施流动人口子女教育方面责权对称。
쾌속적성시화과정대일사지구적중소학규모산생료강렬적확장효응,저급성향의무교육반급여학교규모적합리조정대래엄준도전。중국의무교육성시화유량개현저특정：일시일사인구대성적소학성시화수평저우성시총체적성시화수평;이시초중성시화수평불부명현고우소학이차대대초월성시총체성시화수평。수인구자연증장방완、농촌인구천이류향불학정、성시화수평적구역발전불평형급은성성시화인구격증등인소영향,중국적의무교육재학교수량화규모방면정현총량기본합리、성향차이화발전、은성생원압력일증、일사지방대반액문제돌출등특정。해결상술문제적사로시：파농촌화성진작위량개향도,재수량화규모간심조불동적평형점;보지교육성시화수평여구역총체성시화수평적협조일치;선우이용소반액예존적인수탄성공간,이응대류동인구류향적불학정성;대성시화진정교쾌적인구대성화중심성시주변지구적인구류향실시과학감측,병건립유효공제반급화학교규모적예경궤제;제고의무교육통주협조층차,보증각급정부재실시류동인구자녀교육방면책권대칭。
The rapid urbanization process has led to the strong expansion of the scale of primary and secondary schools in some areas, this brings severe challenges to the adjustment about the class size and the scale of school of compulsory education in the urban and rural regions. There are two notable features on Compulsory education urbanization in China ： firstly, the level of urbanization of the elementary school is lower than that of the city＇s overall development of urbanization in some populous provinces ; secondly, the level of urbanization of junior high school is not only higher than that of the elementary school but also significantly surpasses that of the city＇ s urbanization. As for the following reasons, the slowing down of growth rate of the natural population, the uncertain migration direction of the rural population, the unbalanced regional urbanization development and the recessive urbanization population explosion, there are several characteristics of school number and scale at the compulsory education, including the total number is basic reasonable, different development between urban and rural areas, increasing pressure of covert growth of the student number, severe problems of the large class size in some areas. Several measures are suggested to solve the above problems, first, to maintain the different balance between the number and scale of the school at two dimensions of rural and town ; second, to keep consistent of the level of urbanization of education with the overall level of regional urbanization; third, to cope with the uncertainty of floating population by using the flexible student number of the small class; fourth, to implement the scientific monitoring to the rapid urbanized big population province and the population in areas surrounding the center cities; fifth, to establish the effective warning mechanism to control the class size and the school scale; sixth, to improve the compulsory education coordination level; seventh, to ensure that all levels governments are symmetrically in rights and obligations about the education of the floating population children.