周口师范学院学报
週口師範學院學報
주구사범학원학보
Journal of Zhoukou Normal University
2014年
4期
82~85
,共null页
自我答责 作为义务 消极义务 积极义务
自我答責 作為義務 消極義務 積極義務
자아답책 작위의무 소겁의무 적겁의무
self-responsibility; duty to act;negtive duty; positive duty
刑法理论首要解决的问题是归责的问题，包括客观的归责问题和主观的归责问题。不作为犯的理论解决的是如何将法益侵害的结果归属于保证人的不作为，被害人自我答责的理论旨在针对被害人危险接受、自我侵害的行为，使之对结果优先负责。保证人不履行作为义务的行为与被害人自我侵害的行为相互结合，最终应将结果归属于保证人还是被害人，需要根据作为义务的来源分析作为义务的性质。如果作为义务属于消极义务，那么根据被害人自我答责的原理，被害人对结果优先负责；反之，如果作为义务属于积极义务，被害人自我答责的原理不适用，保证人仍需对结果负责。
刑法理論首要解決的問題是歸責的問題，包括客觀的歸責問題和主觀的歸責問題。不作為犯的理論解決的是如何將法益侵害的結果歸屬于保證人的不作為，被害人自我答責的理論旨在針對被害人危險接受、自我侵害的行為，使之對結果優先負責。保證人不履行作為義務的行為與被害人自我侵害的行為相互結閤，最終應將結果歸屬于保證人還是被害人，需要根據作為義務的來源分析作為義務的性質。如果作為義務屬于消極義務，那麽根據被害人自我答責的原理，被害人對結果優先負責；反之，如果作為義務屬于積極義務，被害人自我答責的原理不適用，保證人仍需對結果負責。
형법이론수요해결적문제시귀책적문제，포괄객관적귀책문제화주관적귀책문제。불작위범적이론해결적시여하장법익침해적결과귀속우보증인적불작위，피해인자아답책적이론지재침대피해인위험접수、자아침해적행위，사지대결과우선부책。보증인불리행작위의무적행위여피해인자아침해적행위상호결합，최종응장결과귀속우보증인환시피해인，수요근거작위의무적래원분석작위의무적성질。여과작위의무속우소겁의무，나요근거피해인자아답책적원리，피해인대결과우선부책；반지，여과작위의무속우적겁의무，피해인자아답책적원리불괄용，보증인잉수대결과부책。
The theory of the penal law is to solve the question of the criminal liability, including objective incrimination and subjective incrimination. For example,the theory of negative crime is used to accuse guarantor of the negative act, and the one of the self-responsibility to criminal victims makes the victims be prior to responsibility according to the assumption of risk and self-abuse. It is necessary to analyse the property of the duty to act when the negtive act combines with the behavior of the self-abuse. If the duty to act pertains to negtive duty, the victim will be prior to responsibility according to the principle of the self-responsibility to criminal victims. Otherwise, if the duty to act pertains to positive duty, the guarantor should be prior to responsibility because the the principle of the self-responsibility to criminal victims loses effectiveness.
