CAJ | 학술논문

延迟折扣是指与当前或近期的获益（或损失）相比,人们总是倾向于赋予将来获益（或损失）更小的权重。为什么人们在跨期选择中会表现出冲动性行为？怎样才能让人＂目光远大＂,而避免＂鼠目寸光＂呢？这些都是延迟折扣研究力求解决的问题。近几年,本课题组利用行为、ERP、多模态MRI等技术,从特质性和状态性研究角度出发,系统考察延迟折扣的影响因素、认知机制和神经基础。首先,从特质性角度,考察了跨期选择中价值评估和自我控制加工的神经分离、立即选项与延迟选项的神经表征与预测、调控方式对延迟折扣作用的神经机制;其次,从状态性角度,考察了框架效应、贫富线索等对延迟折扣的影响以及预期情绪对延迟折扣的调控机理。最后,根据特质性因素（控制能力、时间感知、识解水平等）和状态性因素（框架效应、贫富线索、预期情绪等）对延迟折扣的影响及调控机制,提出了延迟折扣可塑性的研究思路。本课题组的研究对于延迟折扣认知与神经机制的理论建构具有重要的科学价值,对于延迟折扣的可塑性及临床应用也有重要的指导意义。
연지절구시지여당전혹근기적획익（혹손실）상비,인문총시경향우부여장래획익（혹손실）경소적권중。위십요인문재과기선택중회표현출충동성행위？즘양재능양인＂목광원대＂,이피면＂서목촌광＂니？저사도시연지절구연구력구해결적문제。근궤년,본과제조이용행위、ERP、다모태MRI등기술,종특질성화상태성연구각도출발,계통고찰연지절구적영향인소、인지궤제화신경기출。수선,종특질성각도,고찰료과기선택중개치평고화자아공제가공적신경분리、립즉선항여연지선항적신경표정여예측、조공방식대연지절구작용적신경궤제;기차,종상태성각도,고찰료광가효응、빈부선색등대연지절구적영향이급예기정서대연지절구적조공궤리。최후,근거특질성인소（공제능력、시간감지、식해수평등）화상태성인소（광가효응、빈부선색、예기정서등）대연지절구적영향급조공궤제,제출료연지절구가소성적연구사로。본과제조적연구대우연지절구인지여신경궤제적이론건구구유중요적과학개치,대우연지절구적가소성급림상응용야유중요적지도의의。
Delay discounting means that compared with current or recent benefits （or losses）, people tend to give future benefits （or losses） less weight, and choose current or recent benefits （or losses）. Why are people impulsive？ Why do people exhibit the behavior of delay discounting？ How can we make people ＂visionary＂ and avoid ＂short-sighted＂？ All of the problems need to be solved for the research of delay discounting. In recent years, using the behavioral, ERP, and fMRI technologies, we systematically invest cognitive mechanisms, neural basis, and influencing factors of delay discounting behavior from the trait and state delay discounting perspectives. On the one hand, from the trait delay discounting perspective, we examined the neural dissociation between subjective valuation and self-control, the neural prediction between immediate reward option and delayed reward option, and the neural difference of delay discounting behavior for actors and thinkers. On the other hand, from the state delay discounting perspective, we exploited that how framing effects affect individual delay discounting behavior, how wealth and poor cues affect individual delay discounting behavior, and how the emotion of episodic prospection affect individual delay discounting behavior. Our research found that the neural basis of delay discounting included the valuation network and self-control network, and that the modulation of self-control network to valuation network could predict individual delay discounting rate, integrating the different neural theories of delay discounting In addition, framing effect, wealth and poor cues, and emotion of episodic prospection could affect individual delay discounting behavior. Thus, it is possible to shape individual delay discounting behavior. Our work will provide the theory and practice guidance for the development of behavioral decision making and psychiatry of China.