CAJ | 학술논문

社会情绪选择理论从时间知觉和动机的角度推论老年人的情绪加工有积极效应;即与年轻人相比,老年人更偏向于加工积极刺激而回避消极刺激。但是,关于积极效应的实证研究有诸多不一致之处。分析近年相关研究的设计细节,验证积极效应的研究多采用年轻和老年两个年龄组的对照,而采用3个以上年龄组被试的研究结果不一致;积极效应在东方文化下的应用研究结论也不一致;多样化的情绪刺激、情绪分类和刺激呈现方式是各研究结论差异的重要原因,而且积极效应研究应区分＂情绪偏向＂和＂情绪效应＂两种年龄组评价方式。因此,今后研究需要尽可能地扩大年龄范围以确认积极效应出现时间、加强跨文化、跨地区比较以验证积极效应的普适性,并提高研究中所用刺激材料的生态效度,深入探索积极效应的普遍性与神经机制。
사회정서선택이론종시간지각화동궤적각도추론노년인적정서가공유적겁효응;즉여년경인상비,노년인경편향우가공적겁자격이회피소겁자격。단시,관우적겁효응적실증연구유제다불일치지처。분석근년상관연구적설계세절,험증적겁효응적연구다채용년경화노년량개년령조적대조,이채용3개이상년령조피시적연구결과불일치;적겁효응재동방문화하적응용연구결론야불일치;다양화적정서자격、정서분류화자격정현방식시각연구결론차이적중요원인,이차적겁효응연구응구분＂정서편향＂화＂정서효응＂량충년령조평개방식。인차,금후연구수요진가능지확대년령범위이학인적겁효응출현시간、가강과문화、과지구비교이험증적겁효응적보괄성,병제고연구중소용자격재료적생태효도,심입탐색적겁효응적보편성여신경궤제。
From perspectives of time perception and motivation, Socioemotional Selectivity Theory postulated that older adults＇ processing of emotional stimuli is positively affected. In comparison with young adults, older adults tend to prefer positive stimuli and avoid negative stimuli. Nevertheless, results of current empirical studies with regards to this positivity effect were inconsistent. Previous literatures on positivity effect showed concerns for four methodological issues. This included 1） the inconsistence between studies regarding the between-group differences （e.g., between two or three groups）, 2） the cross-cultural generalizability of the results, and considered that 3） the multiplicity of emotional stimuli, categorization, and mode of presentation were the main reasons for the differences among previous literature, and future research on the positivity effect would require differentiation of the constructs of ＂emotional bias＂ and ＂emotional effect＂. Future research on positivity effect can be improved through expanding the age range of participants, validating results based on cross-cultural and cross-region comparison, and improving the ecological validity of stimuli.