北京大学学报：哲学社会科学版
北京大學學報：哲學社會科學版
북경대학학보：철학사회과학판
Journal of Peking University(Humanities and Social Sciences)
2014年
4期
100~106
,共null页
二重证据法 “放郑声”不含郑诗 “诗言志”说产生于孔子时代
二重證據法 “放鄭聲”不含鄭詩 “詩言誌”說產生于孔子時代
이중증거법 “방정성”불함정시 “시언지”설산생우공자시대
double-evidence method, The negation of Zheng-music does not mean the negation of the poemsfrom the Zheng State, The statement that a poem expresses one＇ s will appeared in Confucius＇ times
上博简《孔子诗论》分别以“不可不畏”“其绝”肯定被宋儒列为“淫诗”的“郑风”《将仲子》和《褰裳》两诗，坐实了传世文献《论语》中孔子对全部《诗经》作品所作“思无邪”的肯定性评价，说明其“放郑声”应该不包括郑国诗歌。《孔子诗论》中孔子提出“诗亡隐志（诗言志），乐亡隐情（乐抒情），文亡隐意（文表意）”系统文艺本质论，与传世文献《诗经》“作诗言志”观念、《左传》“（赋）诗以言志”说法相印证，说明《尚书·尧典》提出我国诗歌理论开山纲领“诗言志”说的时间，当在孔子六岁至孔子提出如上诗、乐、文系统文艺本质理论时间段之内。
上博簡《孔子詩論》分彆以“不可不畏”“其絕”肯定被宋儒列為“淫詩”的“鄭風”《將仲子》和《褰裳》兩詩，坐實瞭傳世文獻《論語》中孔子對全部《詩經》作品所作“思無邪”的肯定性評價，說明其“放鄭聲”應該不包括鄭國詩歌。《孔子詩論》中孔子提齣“詩亡隱誌（詩言誌），樂亡隱情（樂抒情），文亡隱意（文錶意）”繫統文藝本質論，與傳世文獻《詩經》“作詩言誌”觀唸、《左傳》“（賦）詩以言誌”說法相印證，說明《尚書·堯典》提齣我國詩歌理論開山綱領“詩言誌”說的時間，噹在孔子六歲至孔子提齣如上詩、樂、文繫統文藝本質理論時間段之內。
상박간《공자시론》분별이“불가불외”“기절”긍정피송유렬위“음시”적“정풍”《장중자》화《건상》량시，좌실료전세문헌《론어》중공자대전부《시경》작품소작“사무사”적긍정성평개，설명기“방정성”응해불포괄정국시가。《공자시론》중공자제출“시망은지（시언지），악망은정（악서정），문망은의（문표의）”계통문예본질론，여전세문헌《시경》“작시언지”관념、《좌전》“（부）시이언지”설법상인증，설명《상서·요전》제출아국시가이론개산강령“시언지”설적시간，당재공자륙세지공자제출여상시、악、문계통문예본질이론시간단지내。
The bamboo slips entitled Confucius on the Book of Songs （《孔子诗论》）, which are kept by Shanghai Museum, record Confucius＇ appreciation of Qiangzhongzi （《将仲子》） and Qianshang （《褰裳》） in Zheng Songs （郑风） , which were classified as ＂ obscene poems＂ by Confucians in the Song Dynasty. Confucius affirmed Qiangzhongzi by saying ＂One cannot fear nothing＂ （不可不畏）, and affirmed Qianshang by saying ＂They have gone to extremes＂ （其绝）. This confirms Confucius＇ positive evaluation of all the poems from the Book of Songs （《诗经》） by saying that they are all ＂pure thought＂ （思无邪） in the Analects （《论语》） which has been handed down from generation to generation. And this also indicates that Confucius＇ negation of Zheng-music （郑声） does not mean the negation of the poems from the Zheng State （郑国）. In Confucius on the Book of Songs, he put forward his systematic theory about the nature of literature. Confucius stated that a poem expresses one＇s will （诗言志）, music expresses one＇s feelings （乐抒情）, and writing expresses one＇ s ideas （文表意）. These statements are in conformity with the view of ＂writing a poem to express one＇s will （作诗言志）＂ in the Book of Songs, and with the concept of ＂composing a poem to express one＇s will （赋诗以言志）＂ in Zuozhuan （《左传》） . Yao Dian in the Book of History （《尚书·尧典》） suggested that the view of ＂writing a poem to express one＇ s will＂, which was the originative outline of Chinese poetics, was initiated in the period between the time when Confucius was six- years-old and the time when he put forward his systematic theory about the nature of literature.
