CAJ | 학술논문

近年来，社会资本在减轻农村贫困中的作用逐渐成为发展经济学家关注的一个热点。本文分别从静态和动态两个视角综述了相关研究的思路和方法：从静态视角来看，信任对于减少绝对贫困有积极的作用，但某些形式的社会资本难以减轻绝对贫困，关于社会资本是否能减轻相对贫困则尚未取得一致的认识；从动态视角来看，社会资本通过非正式保险的机制平滑消费、减轻暂时贫困，通过促进融资和创业、保护产权、促进公共品提供和劳动力流动，有助于消除长期贫困。总的来看，随着市场化进程的深入，社会资本反贫困的积极作用有减弱的趋势。本文基于理论评述，提出了深化社会资本的减贫理论机制（尤其是对相对贫困的作用机制）、市场化进程中的社会资本反贫困机制、改进社会资本测量、加强因果效应识别等未来的研究方向。
근년래，사회자본재감경농촌빈곤중적작용축점성위발전경제학가관주적일개열점。본문분별종정태화동태량개시각종술료상관연구적사로화방법：종정태시각래간，신임대우감소절대빈곤유적겁적작용，단모사형식적사회자본난이감경절대빈곤，관우사회자본시부능감경상대빈곤칙상미취득일치적인식；종동태시각래간，사회자본통과비정식보험적궤제평활소비、감경잠시빈곤，통과촉진융자화창업、보호산권、촉진공공품제공화노동력류동，유조우소제장기빈곤。총적래간，수착시장화진정적심입，사회자본반빈곤적적겁작용유감약적추세。본문기우이론평술，제출료심화사회자본적감빈이론궤제（우기시대상대빈곤적작용궤제）、시장화진정중적사회자본반빈곤궤제、개진사회자본측량、가강인과효응식별등미래적연구방향。
The studies on social capital receive an increasing attention from development economists in recent years. This paper reviews the thinking and methods of relevant literature from static and dynamic perspectives and finds that： Statically, trust plays a positive role in alleviate absolute poverty although some other types of social capital can not work, and there is much divergence of it effects on the relative poverty; Dynamically, social networks can smooth consumption and alleviate transient poverty as a informal insurance system, and social networks including lineage networks are helpful to eliminate chronic poverty by means of promoting financing, entrepreneurship, public goods and labor mobility. However, the positive role to alleviate poverties seems to get weaker with the progressing of market power. We therefore suggest some further research directions as modeling mechanism of alleviating poverty （especially relative poverty）, anti -poverty mechanism under marketization, improvement of measurement and dealing with endogeneity to identify its causal effects.