南方经济
南方經濟
남방경제
South China journal of Economy
2014年
7期
58~72
,共null页
投入产出模型 线性需求模型 碳税 福利成本
投入產齣模型 線性需求模型 碳稅 福利成本
투입산출모형 선성수구모형 탄세 복리성본
Input -Output Model; Linear Expenditure Model; Carbon Tax; Welfare Cost.
本文利用投入产出和线性需求模型分析了碳税的价格影响、福利成本以及再分配效应。征税导致占中低收入居民支出比重较大的基本消费品价格大幅上涨,如电热水气、房屋、公共交通、食品等;从等价性变化、补偿性变化的角度看,城镇居民的福利损失随收入降低而上升,而农村居民中中等收入家庭损失最大;Atkinson公平指数显示碳税前后贫富差距有所扩大。因此,碳税具有一定累退性。但是,碳税边际福利成本及其收入差距影响并不大,因此政府可以通过转移支付手段缓解其负面冲击。
本文利用投入產齣和線性需求模型分析瞭碳稅的價格影響、福利成本以及再分配效應。徵稅導緻佔中低收入居民支齣比重較大的基本消費品價格大幅上漲,如電熱水氣、房屋、公共交通、食品等;從等價性變化、補償性變化的角度看,城鎮居民的福利損失隨收入降低而上升,而農村居民中中等收入傢庭損失最大;Atkinson公平指數顯示碳稅前後貧富差距有所擴大。因此,碳稅具有一定纍退性。但是,碳稅邊際福利成本及其收入差距影響併不大,因此政府可以通過轉移支付手段緩解其負麵遲擊。
본문이용투입산출화선성수구모형분석료탄세적개격영향、복리성본이급재분배효응。정세도치점중저수입거민지출비중교대적기본소비품개격대폭상창,여전열수기、방옥、공공교통、식품등;종등개성변화、보상성변화적각도간,성진거민적복리손실수수입강저이상승,이농촌거민중중등수입가정손실최대;Atkinson공평지수현시탄세전후빈부차거유소확대。인차,탄세구유일정루퇴성。단시,탄세변제복리성본급기수입차거영향병불대,인차정부가이통과전이지부수단완해기부면충격。
This paper examines the effects on consumer prices, welfare and inequality arising from imposing a carbon tax in China, using input - output and linear expenditure models. Low - income households are more severely affected because price rises are higher for those goods which form a larger share of their budgets. For urban households, welfare loss measured by compensating and equivalent variations decreases with expenditure, and mid - income families suffer most among all rural household types. The Atkinson measure indicates the aggravation of inequality after carbon tax. However, the marginal welfare cost and percentage increases in inequality are moderate, so the relatively small burdens and distributional effects could easily be compensated by revenue recycling.