CAJ | 학술논문

自清末国门被开至民国年间，中国面临“三千年未有之大变局”与救亡图存之困境，“文化地狱感心态”与左翼“革命主义”思潮并行疯长，遂使19-20世纪中国的“历史的天空”，成为“革命的国度革命的世纪”。置身其中的学校打上了深深的政治烙印，毋用说其政治教育，甚至连学校教育本身也都政治化、革命化了，堪称“以政治为教育”。在“必须充当”与“主动担当”这对结构与行动的二重奏中，诞生了“革命的北大”。国民党执政后亦在全国各级学校普遍实行党义教育，政治教育奉行党的主义，以党治国、治教，一切政治教育设施，以党为前提。国民党这种寄望巩固其永久一党专政之地位的教育盘算已然落空，留下的问题值得后人深思。
자청말국문피개지민국년간，중국면림“삼천년미유지대변국”여구망도존지곤경，“문화지옥감심태”여좌익“혁명주의”사조병행풍장，수사19-20세기중국적“역사적천공”，성위“혁명적국도혁명적세기”。치신기중적학교타상료심심적정치락인，무용설기정치교육，심지련학교교육본신야도정치화、혁명화료，감칭“이정치위교육”。재“필수충당”여“주동담당”저대결구여행동적이중주중，탄생료“혁명적북대”。국민당집정후역재전국각급학교보편실행당의교육，정치교육봉행당적주의，이당치국、치교，일절정치교육설시，이당위전제。국민당저충기망공고기영구일당전정지지위적교육반산이연락공，류하적문제치득후인심사。
From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,China faced unprecedented turbulence that had never been seen during the previous 3 ,000 years and a predicament of saving China from subjugation. It also witnessed an explosive growth of“the sense of cultural hell”in parallel with“the revolutionary trend”among the Left. All this made China in the past two centuries“a country of revolution and centuries of revolution”. The school education,placed in such a society,was greatly affected by the politics,which means that not only the political education but also the whole school system was politicized and revolutionized,hence the saying“education is politics”. Sociologically speaking,there was a duet between the structure （i. e.“I have to act”）and the agency （i. e.“I would like to take action”）,in which the revolutionary Peking University was born. As a matter of fact,after the Nationalist Party came into power,schools at all levels commonly regarded the party doctrines as the key to education;the political education pursued the ideas of the party;the country as well as the education was ruled and managed according to the party doctrines;and the party was indispensible to all political education facilities. The Nationalist Party once wished to strengthen its oneparty dictatorship by education. Although the effort failed,it has left many questions worthy of further consideration.