心理发展与教育
心理髮展與教育
심리발전여교육
Psychological Development and Education
2014年
4期
427~434
,共null页
项紫霓 张兴慧 黎亚军 王耘 李燕芳
項紫霓 張興慧 黎亞軍 王耘 李燕芳
항자예 장흥혜 려아군 왕운 리연방
3～5岁儿童母亲 抚养压力类型 潜在剖面分析
3～5歲兒童母親 撫養壓力類型 潛在剖麵分析
3～5세인동모친 무양압력류형 잠재부면분석
Mothers with children aged 3 - 5 ; classes of parenting stress ; latent profile analysis
通过对6021名3～5岁儿童母亲抚养压力进行潜在剖面分析，探讨母亲抚养压力的类型特点及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）3～5岁儿童母亲的抚养压力可以分为五类：低压力型（22．31％，指来自儿童发展和自身承担母亲角色的压力均最低）、适度压力型（38．17％，指来自两方面的压力均处于平均水平）、高儿童侧面压力型（26．39％，指来自儿童发展的压力较高）、高家长侧面压力型（8．62％，指来自母亲角色的压力较高）和高综合压力型（4．52％，指来自两方面的压力均最高）；（2）生育年龄和家庭收入较低的母亲更可能属于高儿童侧面压力型，对儿童期望较高的母亲更可能属于高家长侧面压力型；学历较低、夫妻关系较差的母亲更可能属于高儿童侧面、高家长侧面和高综合压力型。
通過對6021名3～5歲兒童母親撫養壓力進行潛在剖麵分析，探討母親撫養壓力的類型特點及其影響因素。結果錶明：（1）3～5歲兒童母親的撫養壓力可以分為五類：低壓力型（22．31％，指來自兒童髮展和自身承擔母親角色的壓力均最低）、適度壓力型（38．17％，指來自兩方麵的壓力均處于平均水平）、高兒童側麵壓力型（26．39％，指來自兒童髮展的壓力較高）、高傢長側麵壓力型（8．62％，指來自母親角色的壓力較高）和高綜閤壓力型（4．52％，指來自兩方麵的壓力均最高）；（2）生育年齡和傢庭收入較低的母親更可能屬于高兒童側麵壓力型，對兒童期望較高的母親更可能屬于高傢長側麵壓力型；學歷較低、伕妻關繫較差的母親更可能屬于高兒童側麵、高傢長側麵和高綜閤壓力型。
통과대6021명3～5세인동모친무양압력진행잠재부면분석，탐토모친무양압력적류형특점급기영향인소。결과표명：（1）3～5세인동모친적무양압력가이분위오류：저압력형（22．31％，지래자인동발전화자신승담모친각색적압력균최저）、괄도압력형（38．17％，지래자량방면적압력균처우평균수평）、고인동측면압력형（26．39％，지래자인동발전적압력교고）、고가장측면압력형（8．62％，지래자모친각색적압력교고）화고종합압력형（4．52％，지래자량방면적압력균최고）；（2）생육년령화가정수입교저적모친경가능속우고인동측면압력형，대인동기망교고적모친경가능속우고가장측면압력형；학력교저、부처관계교차적모친경가능속우고인동측면、고가장측면화고종합압력형。
Classes of parenting stress and their predictors were examined using latent profile analysis and multivariate logistic regression in a sample of 6021 mothers with children aged 3 - 5. Analysis revealed that 5 classes best characterized the parenting stress of this sample, including the low group （22.31% , the stress fi＇om children＇ s development and the demand of being a parent were both the lowest） , the moderate group（38.17% , the stress from both domains were at the average level）, the high-child-domain group （26.39% , the stress from children development was high）, the high-parent-domain group（8.62%, the stress from the demand of being a parent was high） and the comprehensive high group （4.52%, the stress from both domains were the highest）. Compared with the low group and the comprehensive high group, the likelihood of being in the high-child-domain group was significantly higher for mothers who had lower income and younger childbearing age, and the likelihood of being in the high parent-domain group was significantly higher for mothers with more expectations for their children. Besides, compared with the low group, the likelihood of being in the high-child-domain, the high parentdomain and the comprehensive high group was significantly higher for mothers who were less educated and had worse marital relationship. Findings have significant implications for parenting interventions and supports to specific family needs.
