CAJ | 학술논문

城市道路交通环境管理需要应对大气污染和温室气体排放两大难题,较优的环境管理政策具有兼顾大气污染控制和温室气体减排的协同效应.本文建立起一套评价城市道路车辆排放控制措施的方法学以评价不同地区不同行业的各类政策措施的协同效应,以污染物排放量弹性系数评价控制措施的协同效应,以单位减排当量成本评价控制措施的减排效率.在此方法基础上,本文再以北京市促进黄标车淘汰政策和深圳新能源汽车推广政策为案例,定量计算了上述政策措施对机动车排放的温室气体和大气污染物的协同效应和成本效益.结果显示北京市黄标车淘汰政策具有较高的协同效应和较低的单位减排当量成本,具备全国大范围推广的条件;深圳市新能源汽车推广政策虽然也有很好的协同效应,但购车、基础设施成本过高,在现有规模和技术水平下尚不具备全国推广的条件.
성시도로교통배경관리수요응대대기오염화온실기체배방량대난제,교우적배경관리정책구유겸고대기오염공제화온실기체감배적협동효응.본문건립기일투평개성시도로차량배방공제조시적방법학이평개불동지구불동행업적각류정책조시적협동효응,이오염물배방량탄성계수평개공제조시적협동효응,이단위감배당량성본평개공제조시적감배효솔.재차방법기출상,본문재이북경시촉진황표차도태정책화심수신능원기차추엄정책위안례,정량계산료상술정책조시대궤동차배방적온실기체화대기오염물적협동효응화성본효익.결과현시북경시황표차도태정책구유교고적협동효응화교저적단위감배당량성본,구비전국대범위추엄적조건;심수시신능원기차추엄정책수연야유흔호적협동효응,단구차、기출설시성본과고,재현유규모화기술수평하상불구비전국추엄적조건.
Controlling both air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions is a crucial issue in managing the urban road transport. A good policy should be effective in creating co-benefits of simultaneously reducing both air pollution and GHG emissions. This study established a set of methodologies in evaluating pollution control policies in road transport, using air pollutant elasticity of CO2 to indicate the co-benefits and avoidance cost per Air Pollution Equivalent to signify cost efficiency. Case studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness and cost efficiency of two road transport programs： Beijing＇s phasing out yellow-labeled vehicles, and Shenzhen＇s plan in promoting electrical vehicles. The results suggest that Beijing＇s program has been effective in creating co-benefits with a low cost, thus is qualified for larger scale promulgation. However, Shenzhen＇s program entailed considerable costs and is unsuitable for up-scaling.