CAJ | 학술논문

本文利用2003年、2005年、2006年和2008年四年的CGSS大样本微观调查数据，考察了退休对居民幸福感的影响，实证结果显示：（1）退休对我国居民的主观幸福感有显著的促进作用，从平均意义上而言，退休能够增加居民幸福感0．047分（总分为5分）；（2）退休对不同群体的幸福感的影响存在巨大差异。从性别看，退休对男性的幸福感显著为正，对女性的幸福感没有显著影响。从退休模式看，退休对正常退休者有显著的正面影响，对提前退休者有负面影响，但是在统计意义上不显著。从工作性质看，退休对党政机关的工作人员产生了负面影响，对事业单位员工有正面影响，但都不显著。对国有企业和其他性质的企业员工有明显的积极作用；（3）进一步考察退休影响居民幸福感的作用机制发现，社会交往和闲暇的增加是导致退休对居民幸福感产生显著正面影响的主要原因。鉴于退休对幸福感的积极作用，表明居民乐意退休，政府研究制定渐进式延迟退休年龄政策时，应该注意时间的选择和其他配套措施的实施，以获得居民的广泛支持。
본문이용2003년、2005년、2006년화2008년사년적CGSS대양본미관조사수거，고찰료퇴휴대거민행복감적영향，실증결과현시：（1）퇴휴대아국거민적주관행복감유현저적촉진작용，종평균의의상이언，퇴휴능구증가거민행복감0．047분（총분위5분）；（2）퇴휴대불동군체적행복감적영향존재거대차이。종성별간，퇴휴대남성적행복감현저위정，대녀성적행복감몰유현저영향。종퇴휴모식간，퇴휴대정상퇴휴자유현저적정면영향，대제전퇴휴자유부면영향，단시재통계의의상불현저。종공작성질간，퇴휴대당정궤관적공작인원산생료부면영향，대사업단위원공유정면영향，단도불현저。대국유기업화기타성질적기업원공유명현적적겁작용；（3）진일보고찰퇴휴영향거민행복감적작용궤제발현，사회교왕화한가적증가시도치퇴휴대거민행복감산생현저정면영향적주요원인。감우퇴휴대행복감적적겁작용，표명거민악의퇴휴，정부연구제정점진식연지퇴휴년령정책시，응해주의시간적선택화기타배투조시적실시，이획득거민적엄범지지。
Aging is one of the most important economic events in the 21st century in the world,the issues are plaguing the industrialized countries, and also developing countries （W. Rostow, 2004 ）. China has faced with the rapidly aging population,it＇s an ＂unfamiliar territory＂ for China, makes retirement issue become a more and more concerned topic to scholars and policy makers. Current literatures in the study of retirement are mainly focus on the economic consequences of retirement; they pay less attention on subjective wellbeing（SWB）. The study about the impact of retirement on subjective wellbeing of the elderly has important theoretical and practical significance： Firstly, the research on retirement and wellbeing has great significance to the improvement of China＇s current retire ment policy（Homer,2012）. Despite the increasing pressure of social pensions, we have to consider the policy＇s so cial costs yet, such as the SWB of nearretirees and retired elderly. When consider changing the retirement age, poli cy makers should take into account the influence of this decision on the welfare of society as a whole. If retirement has a significant positive effect on residents＇ happiness, this indicates that the residents are willing to retire, and then implement delaying retirement policy immediately is adversely on public opinion. With low social acceptability and approval degree, this policy can easily lead to social conflicts. Conversely, if delaying retirement can increase rather than decrease residents＇ happiness, then the policy of raise retirement age will be implemented more easily. Secondly, the rapid social transformation and accelerating aging preceding, in addition, the changes of physi cal, economic status and social roles, these will make the elderly suffered from ＂adjustment crisis＂ and psychologi cal problems（ Hu ＆ Lu,2012 ）. Analyzing the impact of retirement on the elderly happiness helps understand the changes of elderly happiness better. Based on CGSS 2003,2005,2006 and 2008 data, we analysis the impact of retirement on Chinese residents＇ subjective wellbeing,and the results show that：（ 1 ） retirement has a significant positive impact on happiness, and retirement can increase residents＇ happiness by 0. 047 points（ total of 5 ） on average; （2） the impact of retirement on happiness varies greatly among different groups. Based on gender perspective, the effect of retirement on happi ness for men is significantly positive, but not for women. From the timing of retirement, retirement has a significant positive influence on normal retirees＇ happiness, but has a negative impact on early retirees. From the work units, re tirement has a negative effect on staffs＇ happiness in Party and government organizations, and a positive effect on staffs in public institution but not significant. And there exists positive effects in stateowned and other types units; （3） I further investigate the mechanism of retirement on residents＇ happiness, and find that social interaction and social support play important role in the mechanism. The contributions of this paper as follows ： Firstly, this article is a relatively new research studying the relation ship between retirement and happiness. Meanwhile, we use the four CGSS large sample data then can control the en dogenous problem of retirement, making the results more robust and reliable ; Secondly, compared with existing liter ature, in addition to operate an overall analysis about the relationship between retirement and happiness, this paper further investigate the difference between men and women retirees, normal retirees and early retirees, as well as re tirees from different work units, this makes our research more comprehensive; Thirdly, the paper analysis the mecha nism of retirement influences happiness from aspects of retiree income, social networks and health, and has revealed the channels of how retirement influences happiness.