CAJ | 학술논문

在传统中国社会中，“公”字具有指称“尊长”、“诸侯”、“国君”等社会伦理和政治多方面的主体性内涵。在中国近代社会变革的进程中，“公”字的主体性内涵，又相继经历了从指称国家（政府）的“公家”，到面向全体国民开放的“公域”（公共领域），再到可以直接面对国家的个体“公民”的演变。这一平民化的历史演变路线，昭示着当代中国公民教育在确认全体国民作为“合法公民”政治身份的同时，还必须改造传统儒家“家国一体”、“公私不分”的血缘、亲缘和家族伦理模式，从而使当代中国公民在当前的流动社会中承担起对“陌生人”的道德责任。与此同时，为有效抑制作为公权力执行者的官员之私，应当使“公家”成为中国“法治公民”的质询对象。它意味着，“公域”，不仅应当成为“公民与公民”之间的交往平台，而且应当同时成为“公民与公家”之间的交往平台。惟其如此，在日常社会生活中，我们才能形成一种个体在日常社会生活中可以普遍通过自主选择成为“法治公民”、“道德公民”和“荣誉公民”的教育生态。
재전통중국사회중，“공”자구유지칭“존장”、“제후”、“국군”등사회윤리화정치다방면적주체성내함。재중국근대사회변혁적진정중，“공”자적주체성내함，우상계경력료종지칭국가（정부）적“공가”，도면향전체국민개방적“공역”（공공영역），재도가이직접면대국가적개체“공민”적연변。저일평민화적역사연변로선，소시착당대중국공민교육재학인전체국민작위“합법공민”정치신빈적동시，환필수개조전통유가“가국일체”、“공사불분”적혈연、친연화가족윤리모식，종이사당대중국공민재당전적류동사회중승담기대“맥생인”적도덕책임。여차동시，위유효억제작위공권력집행자적관원지사，응당사“공가”성위중국“법치공민”적질순대상。타의미착，“공역”，불부응당성위“공민여공민”지간적교왕평태，이차응당동시성위“공민여공가”지간적교왕평태。유기여차，재일상사회생활중，아문재능형성일충개체재일상사회생활중가이보편통과자주선택성위“법치공민”、“도덕공민”화“영예공민”적교육생태。
The term ＂public＂ in Chinese traditional society has multiple aspects meanings which including social, political and ethical values. While the concept of ＂public＂ in Chinese con- text has transformed its subjectivities from ＂the king＂ to ＂the state＂ and then to ＂public sphere＂, such a popularizing route has also indicated that China＇ s citizenship education not only should draw lessons from western concept of ＂legislating citizenship＂ which based on democratic politics but also should shoulder the mission of reconstruct the traditional Confucianism, to undertake the moral re- sponsibility for ＂others＂ in contemporary mobile society. To form a mechanism to restrict the private tendency of the government, which should not be put back on the old way of improving ＂moral edu- cation＂, but to make sure ＂the state＂ become the object to which inquiries are addressed and by which found a political practical mechanism between ＂the state＂ and ＂citizens＂ to balance the rights disputes through consultation on the basis of equality. That is to say, the ＂public sphere＂ should not only become a communication platform between the citizens but also between ＂the state＂ and ＂citi- zens＂, and then the ＂public sphere＂ may become the main approach to form China＇ s ＂honorary cit- izenship＂, ＂moral citizenship＂ and ＂legislating citizenship＂.