CAJ | 학술논문

通过对标签所承载的丧层类属知识和深层概念知识进行区分，考察了知识对成人归纳推理中标签效应的影响。实验材料为自然标签和人工标签，任务为亲缘关系判断，结果发现在两种材料中都能观察到标签效应。在自然类别中，当标签承载深层知识时，标签承载的表层类属知识的作用会受其影响而减小；在人工类别中，标签作用的发挥会受到标签自身特征的影响，当标签中含有类别信息的汉字时，标签对归纳推理的促进作用更大。
통과대표첨소승재적상층류속지식화심층개념지식진행구분，고찰료지식대성인귀납추리중표첨효응적영향。실험재료위자연표첨화인공표첨，임무위친연관계판단，결과발현재량충재료중도능관찰도표첨효응。재자연유별중，당표첨승재심층지식시，표첨승재적표층류속지식적작용회수기영향이감소；재인공유별중，표첨작용적발휘회수도표첨자신특정적영향，당표첨중함유유별신식적한자시，표첨대귀납추리적촉진작용경대。
The label effect observed in inductive reasoning suggests that label, by providing an effective cue, such as category knowl-edge or feature similarity, promotes the performance of inductive reasoning. Consequently, there are two kinds of hypotheses to explainthe phenomenon, one is the view of category which emphasizes the category information provided by a label, and the other one is theview of similarity which focuses on the physical similarity of labels. Previous studies with unfamiliar artificial materials usually focusedon the surface knowledge about category carried by a label. However in reality, a real label, say ＂tiger＂ or ＂ lion＂, usually containsdeep knowledge, such as the information about body, size, behavior, living environment and others, especially in Chinese. But thiskind of information carried by a label is seldom distinguished from surface knowledge, and how the surface and deep knowledge carriedby a label affect the process of inductive reasoning is still not clear. In this study, two experiments were conducted to explore the influ-ence of knowledge on label effect during adults＇ inductive reasoning. To avoid the influences of other factors, such as visual picture orverbal introduction, and to investigate the label effect in a more precise and sensible way, a relationship judgment with a 5 -point ratingwas used as the inductive reasoning task. In Experiment 1, natural animal names were used as materials. To compare the influence of surface and deep knowledge carried bylabels, 24 animal names were selected, which were divided into familiar and unfamiliar groups with equal number of items, according toa prior familiarity assessment. For the familiar materials, a label of animal name would carry both surface and deep knowledge; whilefor the unfamiliar materials, only surface knowledge was carried by a label. In Experiment 2, artificial animal names were used as mate-rials to further investigate the influence of surface and deep knowledge on the label effect, and the labels were manipulated as to whetherthey contained a natural animal character or not. In the condition with animal character, both surface and deep knowledge would be car-ried in the artificial label, while in the condition without animal character, only surface knowledge of category would be carried. Andthe label effects were manipulated by sharing common ending characters or not in both experiments. The result revealed that consistent with previous studies, the label effect was observed in both experiments, and label promoted in-ductive reasoning. However in Experiment 1, the label effect in real natural materials decreased significantly in familiar condition, indi-cating deep knowledge affects the label effect during inductive reasoning. And in Experiment 2, when a label had a natural animal char-acter, participants preferred to judge a closer relationship for the artificial label pairs, which further supported the influence of deepknowledge on label effect. In both experiments, the interaction between the label effect and other factors supported the view of category,since the view of similarity could not explain the phenomenon of similar physical features in the conditions with common labels but differ-ent effect sizes of label.