CAJ | 학술논문

本研究以大城市职场未婚女性为例，探讨女性安全感对其择偶中物质倾向的影响。研究1自行编制了女性择偶倾向情境问卷；研究2采用问卷调查法，发现女性安全感与其择偶中的物质倾向具有负相关的关系；研究3采用实验范式，通过死亡提醒操纵女性的安全感，结果表明，大城市职场未婚女性的安全感越低，其择偶中的物质倾向就越明显。本研究结果对部分女性择偶中表现的物质倾向提供了心理学解释。
본연구이대성시직장미혼녀성위례，탐토녀성안전감대기택우중물질경향적영향。연구1자행편제료녀성택우경향정경문권；연구2채용문권조사법，발현녀성안전감여기택우중적물질경향구유부상관적관계；연구3채용실험범식，통과사망제성조종녀성적안전감，결과표명，대성시직장미혼녀성적안전감월저，기택우중적물질경향취월명현。본연구결과대부분녀성택우중표현적물질경향제공료심이학해석。
People may value possessions, because ownership of goods promotes feelings of security. If so, women with low securityshould be inclined to choose men with good material condition as their mates. We test this prediction in three studies, recruiting unmar-ried working women from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. In Study 1, we developed a scenario - based questionnaire to measure women＇s preference in mate - choosing. There are three per-sonal ads in the questionnaire, each shows a man＇s photo and text describing the man＇s character condition, appearance condition andmaterial condition. The three men are equivalent on the whole, without significant difference in the average score of the three conditions（F（2, 162） =. 06, ns） or in age （F（2, 162） =. 13, ns）. But the first man＇s character condition is outstanding while the other twomen＇s are ordinary （F（2, 162） =69. 38, p 〈0. 001, ηp2 =. 46, 1 -β = 1.00）, the second man＇s appearance condition is outstandingwhile the other two men＇s are ordinary （ F（2, 162） = 80. 13, p 〈0. 001, r/p2 =. 50, 1 -β= 1.00）, the third man＇s material condition isoutstanding while the other two men＇s are ordinary （ F（2, 162） = 87. 84, p 〈. 001, 7/p2 =. 52, 1 -β = 1.00）. We assume that womenwho choose the first man prefer character condition, those who choose the second man prefer appearance condition, and those whochoose the third man prefer material condition. In Study 2, we used the scenario - based questionnaire and security questionnaire （ a =. 91 ） to explore the relationship betweenwomen＇s security and their material preference in mate - choosing （357 valid questionnaires）. The results show that the women choosingthe third man with outstanding material condition hold significantly lower level of security than the women choosing the first man and arenot significantly different from the women choosing the second man （M hooisho 1st = 3. 52, SD hoois ,he a, = 59;M hoosingthe2nd man =3.27, SD hoosinglhe2ndman = .81; M choosing the 3rd =3.30, SD hoos,She3= .65; F（2, 354） =5.53,p 〈0.01,r/p =.03, 1 -β=0.85）. In Study 3, we manipulated security to test whether reducing women＇s security would increase their material preference in mate -choosing. We employed a test - retest design to check whether the priming would be valid. We measured the participants＇ security twice（ 62 valid questionnaires）. The first time was for baseline （ a =. 93 ）. After 2 weeks, we manipulated the participants＇ security by mor-tality salience and measured their security again （a =0. 94 ）. The result shows that priming significantly reduces women＇s security（Mhfo = 3.38, SDbCforo =. 67 ; Maftor = 3.10, SDftor =. 67 ; t （62） = 6.64, p 〈0. 001, d =0. 84, 1 -β = 1.00）. Then we recruited 400（315 valid questionnaires） participants and randomly divided them into priming group or control group. For priming group, we manipu-lated the participants＇ security and then measured their preference in mate - choosing ; for control group, we directly measured their pref-erence in mate - choosing. The Chi - square test shows that the two groups＇ preferences in mate - choosing are significantly different（X2 （ 2 ） = 6. 65, p 〈0. 05 ）. Further, the ratio test shows that more women in the priming group choose the third man than in the controlgroup （ priming group ： 35.26% , control group ： 23.27%, I Z r = 2. 37, p 〈0. 01 ）. Overall, unmarried working women in big cities with low security are inclined to choose men with good material condition.