CAJ | 학술논문

权力指控制有价值资源及他人行为结果的相对能力。心理学研究发现，权力不仅是等级制度的核心概念，一种结构变量、社会关系的基础属性，还是一种心理属性，即知觉到自己有能力影响他人的一种心理状态。这一发现促使研究者愈发关注权力效应背后的心理机制。本文在分别综述了权力效应三种心理机制（趋近系统激活、心理距离增加、诱发控制错觉）的基础上，详细分析总结了各心理机制及其影响与拥有权力的人（以下简称掌权者）的认知、动机乃至判断、决策、行为问的关系，并尝试阐述了各心理机制及其影响与促进集体利益繁荣这一权力产生初衷之间的关系。最后，根据研究现状，就权力各心理机制间的关系、心理机制如何运作、文化与心理机制间的关系等问题进行了讨论。
권력지공제유개치자원급타인행위결과적상대능력。심이학연구발현，권력불부시등급제도적핵심개념，일충결구변량、사회관계적기출속성，환시일충심리속성，즉지각도자기유능력영향타인적일충심리상태。저일발현촉사연구자유발관주권력효응배후적심리궤제。본문재분별종술료권력효응삼충심리궤제（추근계통격활、심리거리증가、유발공제착각）적기출상，상세분석총결료각심리궤제급기영향여옹유권력적인（이하간칭장권자）적인지、동궤내지판단、결책、행위문적관계，병상시천술료각심리궤제급기영향여촉진집체이익번영저일권력산생초충지간적관계。최후，근거연구현상，취권력각심리궤제간적관계、심리궤제여하운작、문화여심리궤제간적관계등문제진행료토론。
Power refers to the ability to control valued resources and outcome of others, which is evolved for helping groups attain im-portant goals, improving social cooperation, and promoting collective interests. However, instead of wielding power for the greater good,powerbolders may also be tempted to use power in self - serving ways. Research to explore what causes the powerholders to act in waysthat go for/against the fundamental goals of social power has attracted much attention in field of psychology. Recently, it was identified that power was not only a structural variable, a property of social relationship but also a psychologicalproperty of the individual. Once the cue relevant to power appeared, the psychological state of experiencing power would be activated.On the basis of these findings, results of studies further demonstrated that there were three psychological processes underlying the effectsof experiencing power. They are, （ 1 ） the approach system, which is a motive system to regulate behavior related to sex, food, safety,achievement and social attachment; （2） the psychological distance, which refers to a subjective experience that something was close orfar away from the self here and now ; and （ 3 ） the illusory control, which is defined as the belief that one has the capability to influenceoutcomes beyond their control. In the present paper, first we reviewed how the three psychological mechanisms of power （ approach system, psychological distanceand illusory control） affected the powerholders＇ cognition, emotion and motivation as well as their judgment, decision making and behav-iors separately. Then, we briefly analyzed how each psychological process and its influence went for/against the fundamental goals of so-cial power. The activated approach system guided powerholders to change their focus of attention flexibly and act in a risk - seeking fashion.Further, the activated approach system led powerholders to be more sensitive to information relevant to rewards and helped them to pur-sue goals associated with the rewards. However, the reward approaching was found to be more likely to tempt the powerholders to usepower for personal interests at the expense of others. Experiencing power enlarged psychological distance from others. As a result, construals of powerholders became more abstract.The abstract thinking improved complex decision making and creativeness of powerholders by integrating information to extract the gist,detecting patterns and relationships in complex situations and generation of new ideas. Psychological distance also increased stereotypingand prejudice, consequently, biased the social judgments of powerholders, played a negative role on cooperation and collective inter-ests. Experiencing power initiated illusory control of individuals. Illusory control was found a mediator of the relationship between the ex-perience of power and self - esteem, optimism as well as action in goal pursuit. Illusory control was also found to encourage powerholde-rs to overestimate the importance of themselves, but nevertheless the overestimation is associated with errors in decision making by re-ducing advice taking. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between the three psychological processes of power and proposed that illusory control possiblywas the central mechanism for power experiencing; it may be a mediator of power experiencing and reward approach as well as a media-tor of power experiencing and psychological distance. We also suggest that future research should pay attention to the potential factors（ e. g. , motivation） which may activate or suppress the psychological mechanisms of power. We hope this work could make contribu-tions to the limitation of power from the psychological perspective.