CAJ | 학술논문

以诺斯为代表的经济学家认为，制度是决定经济增长的关键性因素。从微观企业层面看，经济增长来源于两个方面，一方面是企业内部微观生产率的提高，另一方面则是企业间资源配置效率的提升。中国的市场化转型本身是一场大规模的制度变迁，本文使用中国工业企业数据库，考察了制度对企业微观生产率和企业间资源配置效率的影响。我们发现，（1）制度可以通过激励机制的改善提高企业内部的资源配置效率，从而提高企业微观生产率。（2）制度可以使投入要素更多地由低生产率企业流动到高生产率企业，从而改善资源在企业间的配置效率，减少资源误置现象。
이낙사위대표적경제학가인위，제도시결정경제증장적관건성인소。종미관기업층면간，경제증장래원우량개방면，일방면시기업내부미관생산솔적제고，령일방면칙시기업간자원배치효솔적제승。중국적시장화전형본신시일장대규모적제도변천，본문사용중국공업기업수거고，고찰료제도대기업미관생산솔화기업간자원배치효솔적영향。아문발현，（1）제도가이통과격려궤제적개선제고기업내부적자원배치효솔，종이제고기업미관생산솔。（2）제도가이사투입요소경다지유저생산솔기업류동도고생산솔기업，종이개선자원재기업간적배치효솔，감소자원오치현상。
Many economists, represented by North, have argued that institutions are the most fundamental causes of economic growth. From the view of firm, economic growth results from two sources： one is intra-firm productivity growth which is obtained from technology progress, and the other one is the efficiency improvement of inter-firm resource allocation. China＇s economic transition process from a planned economy to a market economy is a large-scale and discontinuous institutional change. Using China Industrial Enterprises Database, this paper investigates the impacts of institutions on micro productivity of firms and inter-firm resource allocation efficiency. The results are：（1） through the improvement of incentives, institutions can boost intra-firm resource allocation, thus improve firm＇s productivity; （2） institutions can improve the efficiency of intra-firm resource allocation and promote the flow of input factors to high-productivity firms, thus reducing resource misallocation.