CAJ | 학술논문

本文基于我国劳动力市场分割的现实，在工作搜寻理论指导下，通过构建考虑劳动力市场分割的大学生个体择业行为模型揭示“知识失业”的原意。研究表明：第一，高校扩招只是导致“知识失业”的诱因，劳动力市场的分割导致了大学生整体的保留工资对其劳动力市场供给数量的变化不敏感，使得市场无法出清，才是出现“知识失业”的真正原因；第二，从分割的劳动力市场来看，公共部门和垄断行业的工作因为得到社会主流的认可，其待遇变化对大学生的保留工资会有较大影响，当其与竞争部门的工资差距不断拉大时，“知识失业”情况将会出现恶化；第三，“知识失业”降低了大学生深造的机会成本，劳动市场分割则提高了大学生深造的收益预期，进而造成局部和短期的所谓过度教育。
본문기우아국노동력시장분할적현실，재공작수심이론지도하，통과구건고필노동력시장분할적대학생개체택업행위모형게시“지식실업”적원의。연구표명：제일，고교확초지시도치“지식실업”적유인，노동력시장적분할도치료대학생정체적보류공자대기노동력시장공급수량적변화불민감，사득시장무법출청，재시출현“지식실업”적진정원인；제이，종분할적노동력시장래간，공공부문화롱단행업적공작인위득도사회주류적인가，기대우변화대대학생적보류공자회유교대영향，당기여경쟁부문적공자차거불단랍대시，“지식실업”정황장회출현악화；제삼，“지식실업”강저료대학생심조적궤회성본，노동시장분할칙제고료대학생심조적수익예기，진이조성국부화단기적소위과도교육。
We built a job-hunting model of college individuals under labor market segregation and used search theory to explain why there was ＂educated unemployment＂ in China. Conclusions show that： first, college expansion is just an incentive of ＂educated unemployment＂, however, the segregation of labor market and the reservation wage which is insensitive to the number of college graduates, making the market not clearing, are the root causes; second, when looking into segregated markets, jobs in public sector and monopoly industries are recognized by the mainstream of society and their treatments have a strong influence on college students＇ reservation wage. As the wage gap between monopoly industries and competitivesector widens, the unemployment rate of college graduates will rise. Third, the emergence of ＂educated unemploy- ment＂ reducesthe opportunity cost to invest in human capital and increases the expected revenue,which encourages college graduates to further their study and causes short-run over-education in limited regions.