中国工业经济
中國工業經濟
중국공업경제
China Industrial Economy
2014年
8期
44~56
,共null页
技术进步偏向性 要素替代弹性 要素收入分配
技術進步偏嚮性 要素替代彈性 要素收入分配
기술진보편향성 요소체대탄성 요소수입분배
directed technical change; elasticity of substitution; factor shares
探寻劳动收入份额下降的原因对于解决中国要素收入分配结构失衡问题尤为关键．本文先从行业结构视角剖析工业部门要素收入份额变化．再利用CES生产函数下的三方程标准化系统法．估计1985--2011年工业部门要素替代弹性．测算技术进步偏向性及其对要素收入份额的影响。结果显示：中国工业部门要素收入份额的变化路径由技术进步偏向性所主导，行业结构的作用有限；整体而言，工业部门技术进步朝偏向于资本的方向发展。引致资本收入份额的上升和劳动收入份额的下降。且表现出阶段性特征．其中1985-1996年工业和制造业的技术进步明显偏向于劳动．带动劳动收入份额分别提升0．0504和0．0570,1997-2011年工业和制造业的技术进步转而偏向于资本．致使劳动收入份额分别下降0．1061和0．1246。为此．通过改变技术进步方向而提高劳动生产率和优化要素收入分配格局的作用效果更优。
探尋勞動收入份額下降的原因對于解決中國要素收入分配結構失衡問題尤為關鍵．本文先從行業結構視角剖析工業部門要素收入份額變化．再利用CES生產函數下的三方程標準化繫統法．估計1985--2011年工業部門要素替代彈性．測算技術進步偏嚮性及其對要素收入份額的影響。結果顯示：中國工業部門要素收入份額的變化路徑由技術進步偏嚮性所主導，行業結構的作用有限；整體而言，工業部門技術進步朝偏嚮于資本的方嚮髮展。引緻資本收入份額的上升和勞動收入份額的下降。且錶現齣階段性特徵．其中1985-1996年工業和製造業的技術進步明顯偏嚮于勞動．帶動勞動收入份額分彆提升0．0504和0．0570,1997-2011年工業和製造業的技術進步轉而偏嚮于資本．緻使勞動收入份額分彆下降0．1061和0．1246。為此．通過改變技術進步方嚮而提高勞動生產率和優化要素收入分配格跼的作用效果更優。
탐심노동수입빈액하강적원인대우해결중국요소수입분배결구실형문제우위관건．본문선종행업결구시각부석공업부문요소수입빈액변화．재이용CES생산함수하적삼방정표준화계통법．고계1985--2011년공업부문요소체대탄성．측산기술진보편향성급기대요소수입빈액적영향。결과현시：중국공업부문요소수입빈액적변화로경유기술진보편향성소주도，행업결구적작용유한；정체이언，공업부문기술진보조편향우자본적방향발전。인치자본수입빈액적상승화노동수입빈액적하강。차표현출계단성특정．기중1985-1996년공업화제조업적기술진보명현편향우노동．대동노동수입빈액분별제승0．0504화0．0570,1997-2011년공업화제조업적기술진보전이편향우자본．치사노동수입빈액분별하강0．1061화0．1246。위차．통과개변기술진보방향이제고노동생산솔화우화요소수입분배격국적작용효과경우。
Finding the reason for the decline in labor share is significant to solve the problem that factor shares structure continues to be imbalanced. This paper analyzes the factor shares in China＇s industrial sector from the view of industrial structure, and then applies the three-equation normalized supply-side system under the CES function to estimate the elasticity of substitution in industrial sector during the period of 1985--2011, measures the directed technical change and its effect on factor shares. The results show that： the change of factor shares in China＇s industrial sector is dominated by directed technical change, and the effect of industrial structure is limited. Technical change in industrial sector is directed to capital, raising the capital shares and reducing the labor shares, and shows phased features. During the period of 1985--1996, the technical change is biased to labor in industrial sector and manufacturing, raising the labor shares by 0.0504 and 0.0570 respectively. From 1997 to 2011, the capital-biased technical change in the two sectors lower the labor shares by 0.1061 and 0.1246 respectively. Therefore, the role of directed technical change in raising the labor productivity and optimizing factor shares is important.
