民族语文
民族語文
민족어문
Minority Languages of China
2014年
3期
37~44
,共null页
全浊声母 气化 赣语 侗语 通道 区别性特征 送气 音系
全濁聲母 氣化 贛語 侗語 通道 區彆性特徵 送氣 音繫
전탁성모 기화 공어 동어 통도 구별성특정 송기 음계
本文指出湖南通道黄土侗语的送气声母正处于“不送气化”的过程中，该变化是以声调“送气调一不送气调”对立为条件的一种音系简化方式。赣语部分方言古次清声母和古全浊声母在合流之后的演变中，也发生“不送气化”，但赣语的“不送气化”是以声母“浊一清”对立为条件的。侗语和赣语声母“不送气化”的原理都是在两组区别性特征平行存在的情况下，舍弃老特征，保留新特征。
本文指齣湖南通道黃土侗語的送氣聲母正處于“不送氣化”的過程中，該變化是以聲調“送氣調一不送氣調”對立為條件的一種音繫簡化方式。贛語部分方言古次清聲母和古全濁聲母在閤流之後的縯變中，也髮生“不送氣化”，但贛語的“不送氣化”是以聲母“濁一清”對立為條件的。侗語和贛語聲母“不送氣化”的原理都是在兩組區彆性特徵平行存在的情況下，捨棄老特徵，保留新特徵。
본문지출호남통도황토동어적송기성모정처우“불송기화”적과정중，해변화시이성조“송기조일불송기조”대립위조건적일충음계간화방식。공어부분방언고차청성모화고전탁성모재합류지후적연변중，야발생“불송기화”，단공어적“불송기화”시이성모“탁일청”대립위조건적。동어화공어성모“불송기화”적원리도시재량조구별성특정평행존재적정황하，사기로특정，보류신특정。
This paper points out that the aspirated initials in the Huangtu variety of Tongdao Kam language spoken in Hunan province are undergoing deaspiration, which is a process of phonological reduction conditioned by the tonal distinction of aspirated versus unaspirated initials. While in some varieties of the Gan Chinese dialect deaspiration occurs in the merging process of reflexes from middle Chinese aspirated voiceless initials and their voiced counterparts, that is, deaspiration in the Gan dialect has been triggered by the contrast between voiced and voiceless initials. The principle shared by the deaspiration of initials in both Kam and Gan, though conditioned by two different but parallel sets of phonological distinctive features, can be generalized as maintaining the new features while abandoning the old ones.
